Nursing Elites

1. What changes could the school nurse implement at the school to help reduce students’ risk for developing type 2 diabetes?

• A. Increase the amount of daily physical activity.
• B. Decrease the amount of daily physical activity.
• C. Test each child’s urine monthly.
• D. Teach parents to avoid administering aspirin to their child.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Increasing physical activity helps improve insulin sensitivity and can prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes in children. Regular physical activity is a key component in managing weight and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Decreasing physical activity (Choice B) would not be beneficial in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. Testing each child’s urine monthly (Choice C) is not directly related to preventing type 2 diabetes. Teaching parents to avoid administering aspirin to their child (Choice D) is important for Reye's syndrome prevention but not directly related to reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes.

2. An infant with short bowel syndrome is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The practitioner has added continuous enteral feedings through a gastrostomy tube. The nurse recognizes this as important for which reason?

• A. Wean the infant from TPN gradually
• B. Stimulate adaptation of the small intestine
• C. Provide additional nutrients that cannot be included in the TPN
• D. Offer parents encouragement that the child is close to discharge

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Continuous enteral feedings help stimulate the small intestine's adaptation in short bowel syndrome, promoting better nutrient absorption and eventually reducing reliance on TPN. This approach is crucial for long-term management and improving the child's prognosis. Choice A is incorrect because weaning off TPN typically occurs gradually over time, not the next day. Choice C is incorrect because TPN can be adjusted to provide necessary nutrients, and enteral feedings are mainly used to stimulate intestinal function. Choice D is incorrect as the addition of enteral feedings does not necessarily indicate imminent discharge; it primarily focuses on enhancing intestinal adaptation and reducing reliance on TPN.

3. Which action should the nurse implement when taking an axillary temperature?

• A. Take the temperature through one layer of clothing
• B. Add a degree to the result when recording
• C. Place the tip of the thermometer under the arm in the center of the axilla
• D. Hold the child's arm away from the body while taking the temperature

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct technique involves placing the thermometer tip in the center of the axilla to ensure an accurate reading, with the arm held close to the body.

4. Which reflex, present at birth, is elicited by stroking the sole of the infant's foot, resulting in the fanning of the toes?

• A. Babinski
• B. Moro
• C. Sucking
• D. Rooting

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The Babinski reflex is the correct answer. This reflex is characterized by the fanning out of the toes when the sole of the foot is stroked. It is a normal reflex in infants and is typically present at birth, disappearing by around 12 months of age. The Moro reflex, which involves the infant's response to a sudden loss of support or a loud noise, is not related to the fanning of toes. Sucking and rooting reflexes are related to feeding behaviors and are not elicited by stroking the sole of the foot.

5. A new dad is concerned about his toddler's play patterns. The nurse informs him that ____________ play is normally exhibited by toddlers:

• A. Associative
• B. Team
• C. Solitary
• D. Parallel

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Parallel.' Parallel play is a common play pattern observed in toddlers where they play alongside each other without direct interaction. This type of play allows toddlers to observe and mimic each other's actions, aiding in their social development. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Associative play involves some interaction between children, team play involves organized group activities, and solitary play is when a child plays alone, all of which are not typically exhibited by toddlers during play.

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