Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following characteristics best describes differences between bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa?

• A. Individuals with anorexia nervosa do not have as severe health risks as individuals with bulimia nervosa have.
• B. Individuals with bulimia nervosa may have a normal body weight.
• C. Individuals with anorexia nervosa have been known to binge like those with bulimia nervosa on occasion.
• D. Only those with bulimia nervosa display compensatory behaviors.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Individuals with bulimia nervosa may maintain a normal body weight, while anorexia nervosa is often associated with severe underweight. Choice A is incorrect because individuals with anorexia nervosa actually face severe health risks due to malnutrition, electrolyte imbalances, and other complications. Choice C is incorrect as anorexia nervosa is characterized by restriction of food intake rather than binge eating. Choice D is incorrect as individuals with anorexia nervosa can also display compensatory behaviors such as excessive exercise or fasting.

2. What term refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge?

• A. Cognition.
• B. Pedagogy.
• C. Empiricism.
• D. Introspection.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, cognition. Cognition encompasses mental processes like thinking, remembering, and problem-solving, all crucial in acquiring knowledge. Pedagogy (choice B) refers to the method and practice of teaching. Empiricism (choice C) is a theory that states knowledge comes from sensory experience. Introspection (choice D) involves examining one's own conscious thoughts and feelings, not specifically focused on acquiring knowledge.

3. What is the result when a single zygote separates into two parts, each developing into a separate individual?

• A. Dizygotic twin
• B. Monozygotic twin
• C. Fraternal twin
• D. Nonidentical twin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Monozygotic twin. A monozygotic twin, also known as an identical twin, is the result when a single zygote splits into two parts, leading to the development of two genetically identical individuals. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the scenario where a single zygote splits into two parts to form identical twins. Dizygotic twin (Choice A) refers to fraternal twins, which result from two separate eggs fertilized by two different sperm cells. Fraternal twin (Choice C) is another term for dizygotic twins, arising from two separate zygotes. Nonidentical twin (Choice D) is a synonymous term for dizygotic or fraternal twins, indicating that they are not genetically identical.

4. Deferred imitation of a caregiver's behavior shows that toddlers have the capacity to form?

• A. Short-term memory
• B. Working memory
• C. Core memories
• D. Long-term memory

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Deferred imitation refers to the ability of toddlers to observe and replicate behaviors after a period of time, indicating the formation of long-term memories. This process involves storing information for an extended period and recalling it at a later time. This capacity is not attributed to short-term memory (choice A), which is more temporary in nature and has limited storage capacity. Working memory (choice B) involves the temporary storage and manipulation of information for cognitive tasks, not necessarily the long-term retention of behaviors. Core memories (choice C) are typically associated with emotional or significant events rather than the replication of observed behaviors. Therefore, the correct answer is choice D, as deferred imitation demonstrates toddlers' capability to form long-term memories by replicating behaviors observed earlier.

5. According to the diathesis-stress model, having a predisposition towards mental illness...

• A. Means that a person will surely develop a mental disorder in the future
• B. Does not affect the chances of developing a mental disorder
• C. Increases the chance that a person would have a mental disorder
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: According to the diathesis-stress model, having a predisposition towards mental illness increases the risk but does not guarantee the development of a mental disorder. Choice A is incorrect as the model does not imply certainty. Choice B is incorrect as having a predisposition does affect the chances. Choice D is incorrect as the model does have an impact on the likelihood of developing a mental disorder.

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