Nursing Elites

1. Based on universally-accepted color codes, what color would you expect a tank containing nitrous oxide (laughing gas) to have?

• A. Red
• B. Blue
• C. Green
• D. Orange

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Red. In the medical field, tanks containing nitrous oxide (laughing gas) are typically color-coded with a specific color for easy identification. Nitrous oxide tanks are commonly labeled with a red color code. This color-coding system helps healthcare providers quickly and accurately identify the contents of the tanks, reducing the risk of errors in administering gases to patients. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the universally-accepted color for nitrous oxide tanks is red, not blue, green, or orange.

2. In which type of shock does the patient experience a mismatch of blood flow to the cells?

• A. Distributive
• B. Cardiogenic
• C. Hypovolemic
• D. Septic

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Distributive shock. Distributive shock is characterized by a widespread increase in vascular permeability leading to a relative hypovolemia and a mismatch of blood flow to the cells. Choice B, Cardiogenic shock, is due to the heart's inability to pump effectively. Choice C, Hypovolemic shock, results from a decrease in intravascular volume. Choice D, Septic shock, is caused by a systemic response to infection.

3. Keeping Conrad’s head and neck alignment results in:

• A. increased intrathoracic pressure
• B. increased venous outflow
• C. decreased venous outflow
• D. increased intraabdominal pressure

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

4. Medication for treating high blood cholesterol levels should not be used for most people unless:

• A. The patient has at least three major risk factors for coronary heart disease
• B. The patient has been experiencing symptoms of coronary heart disease for at least three months
• C. The patient's medical insurance covers prescription drugs
• D. Treatment with Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) alone is unsuccessful after three months

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is choice D because medication for high cholesterol is typically not considered unless Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC), which include diet and exercise, have not proven effective after a three-month period. This approach ensures that lifestyle modifications are given a fair chance to lower cholesterol levels before resorting to medication. Choice A is incorrect because the number of risk factors for coronary heart disease does not dictate when to begin medication; it is about the effectiveness of lifestyle changes. Choice B is incorrect as the duration of coronary heart disease symptoms does not determine when to start medication; the focus is on the response to TLC. Choice C is incorrect because the coverage of prescription drugs by the patient's insurance does not influence the medical decision to use medication for high cholesterol; it is based on medical necessity and effectiveness of prior interventions.

5. Theresa, a mother with a 2-year-old daughter, asks, 'At what age can I start taking my daughter's blood pressure as a routine procedure, since hypertension is common in our family?' What would your answer be?

• A. At 2 years old, you may
• B. As early as 1 year old
• C. When she's 3 years old
• D. When she's 6 years old

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Regular blood pressure checks generally start from age 3, but in the case of a family history of hypertension, they should start when the child is around 6 years old. This is because the readings will be more reliable and indicative of the child's health condition at this age. The other options are incorrect because they suggest earlier ages for routine blood pressure checks. While blood pressure can be measured at any age, it is not typically included as part of a routine health check-up for very young children unless there are specific health concerns.

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