Nursing Elites

1. Which nutrient is most important for the prevention of osteoporosis?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Iron
• C. Calcium
• D. Protein

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Calcium is the most important nutrient for bone health and the prevention of osteoporosis. Calcium plays a crucial role in maintaining bone density and strength. Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function but is not directly related to bone health. Iron is essential for oxygen transport in the blood, while protein is important for muscle growth and repair. However, in the context of preventing osteoporosis, calcium is the key nutrient.

2. During the later stages of chronic kidney disease, what is the recommended protein intake in grams per kilogram of body weight per day?

• A. 0.6 to 0.75
• B. 1.2 to 1.55
• C. 1.0 to 1.2
• D. 0.8 to 1.0

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the later stages of chronic kidney disease, the recommended protein intake is typically restricted to 0.6 to 0.75 grams per kilogram of body weight per day. This lower protein intake helps reduce the workload on the kidneys, as excessive protein can be challenging for the kidneys to process. Choice B (1.2 to 1.55) is incorrect as it suggests a higher protein intake, which is not recommended for individuals with advanced kidney disease. Choices C (1.0 to 1.2) and D (0.8 to 1.0) also advocate for protein intakes higher than what is typically advised for individuals in later stages of chronic kidney disease.

3. Does the reduction in oxidative damage that occurs with energy restriction in animals also occur in people whose diets include _____?

• A. fiber and carbohydrates
• B. fatty acids and protein
• C. probiotics
• D. antioxidants and phytochemicals

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'antioxidants and phytochemicals'. Antioxidants and phytochemicals help reduce oxidative damage in the body, contributing to healthy aging and a lower risk of chronic diseases. This is the same effect observed in animals when their energy intake is restricted. The other choices are incorrect as there is no direct evidence connecting reduced oxidative damage with diets high in fiber and carbohydrates, fatty acids and protein, or probiotics.

4. In cleaning the stoma, the nurse would use which of the following cleaning mediums?

• A. Hydrogen Peroxide, water and mild soap
• B. Providone Iodine, water and mild soap
• C. Alcohol, water and mild soap
• D. Mild soap and water

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

5. What is the most common nutritional disorder for the older adult?

• A. Obesity
• B. Underweight
• C. Vitamin deficiency
• D. Dehydration

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Obesity. Among older adults, obesity is the most common nutritional disorder. This is often attributed to reduced physical activity levels and changes in metabolism that occur with aging. Choice B (Underweight) is less common among older adults as compared to obesity. While choices C (Vitamin deficiency) and D (Dehydration) are important nutritional issues, they are generally not as prevalent as obesity in the older adult population.

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