Nursing Elites

1. What describes a common physical change of aging that can affect an older adult's nutrition?

• A. reduced salivary output
• B. increased gastrointestinal motility
• C. abnormal cortisol production
• D. increase in number of taste buds

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Reduced salivary output is a common physical change in aging. This can affect an older adult's nutrition by impacting chewing, swallowing, and taste perception. The decrease in saliva production can make it harder to chew and swallow food effectively, affecting the overall eating experience. Additionally, saliva plays a role in taste perception, so a reduction in salivary output can lead to alterations in how food tastes, potentially impacting an individual's appetite and food choices. Increased gastrointestinal motility (choice B) is not typically associated with aging and would not directly affect nutrition. Abnormal cortisol production (choice C) is related to hormonal changes and is not a common physical change of aging that affects nutrition. An increase in the number of taste buds (choice D) is not a typical change associated with aging and would not have a significant impact on an older adult's nutrition.

2. Compared to the typical American diet, what does the DASH diet provide more of?

• A. More saturated fats
• B. Fewer whole grains
• C. More fruits and vegetables
• D. Fewer dairy products

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The DASH diet, which stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, emphasizes the consumption of fruits and vegetables, which are high in potassium, fiber, and antioxidants. These nutrients help lower blood pressure. Therefore, compared to the typical American diet, the DASH diet provides more fruits and vegetables. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The DASH diet doesn't focus on providing more saturated fats or fewer whole grains or dairy products. In fact, it encourages the consumption of whole grains and low-fat dairy products to promote a balanced and healthy diet.

3. Prevention of work related accidents in factories and industries are responsibilities of which field of nursing?

• A. School health nursing
• B. Private duty nursing
• C. Occupational health nursing
• D. Institutional nursing

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

4. Mr. Bradley has been advised to limit his dairy product intake. What principle regarding fluid intake should be followed?

• A. Gelatin, soups, fruit ices, and frozen fruit bars contribute to your fluid intake
• B. Drink milk in moderation
• C. Increase fiber intake
• D. Limit protein intake

Correct answer: A

Rationale: For patients with kidney disease, it's important to manage fluid intake from all sources, including foods like gelatin and soups, which can contribute to fluid overload.

5. You would expect that after an abdominal perineal resection, the type of colostomy that will be use is?

• A. Double barrel colostomy
• B. Temporary colostomy
• C. Permanent colostomy
• D. An Ileostomy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

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