Nursing Elites

1. Which is most likely to initiate periodontal disease?

• A. Nutrient deficiencies
• B. Nutrient excesses
• C. Nutrient imbalances
• D. Plaque biofilm

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Plaque biofilm is the primary initiator of periodontal disease, as it harbors bacteria that can lead to inflammation and destruction of the periodontal tissues.

2. A guideline that is utilized in determining priorities is to assess the status of the following, EXCEPT:

• A. perfusion
• B. locomotion
• C. respiration
• D. mentation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When determining priorities in patient care, assessing perfusion, respiration, and locomotion are crucial. However, assessing mentation is also important but not typically included in the ABCs of emergency care. Monitoring mentation is essential for neurological assessment and detecting changes in mental status, but it is not part of the immediate priorities in life-threatening situations.

3. A breastfeeding mother complains that she missed her son's last two feedings and now her breasts have become full, hard, and uncomfortable. This condition is known as _____.

• A. mastitis
• B. engorgement
• C. letdown
• D. galactorrhea

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Engorgement occurs when the breasts become overly full, leading to discomfort and sometimes difficulty with latching. It can be relieved by feeding or expressing milk. Mastitis, choice A, is characterized by breast inflammation usually caused by an infection. Letdown, choice C, refers to the release of milk from the breast. Galactorrhea, choice D, is the spontaneous flow of milk from the breast unassociated with childbirth or nursing.

4. As a nurse, you can help improve the effectiveness of communication among healthcare givers by:

• A. Use of reminders of ‘what to do’
• B. Using standardized list of abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols
• C. One-on-one oral endorsement
• D. Text messaging and e-mail

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

5. The only IV fluid compatible with blood products is:

• A. D5LR C. NSS
• B. D5NSS D. Plain LR
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

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