Nursing Elites

1. All of the following are electrolytes except:

• A. chloride
• B. potassium
• C. sodium
• D. iron

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Iron is not an electrolyte; electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride help maintain fluid balance and are critical for nerve and muscle function.

2. What is the most common nutritional disorder for the older adult?

• A. Obesity
• B. Underweight
• C. Vitamin deficiency
• D. Dehydration

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Obesity. Among older adults, obesity is the most common nutritional disorder. This is often attributed to reduced physical activity levels and changes in metabolism that occur with aging. Choice B (Underweight) is less common among older adults as compared to obesity. While choices C (Vitamin deficiency) and D (Dehydration) are important nutritional issues, they are generally not as prevalent as obesity in the older adult population.

3. Each statement is true of fat-soluble vitamins, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Fairly stable to heat, such as during cooking
• B. Contain carbon
• C. Stored in the pancreas
• D. Absorbed in the intestine along with fats and lipids in food

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fat-soluble vitamins are not stored in the pancreas; they are stored in the liver and fatty tissues. Choice A is correct as fat-soluble vitamins are fairly stable to heat. Choice B is also correct as fat-soluble vitamins contain carbon. Choice D is correct as fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed in the intestine along with fats and lipids in food.

4. How is the stomach protected from damage by gastric acid?

• A. enzymes present in the stomach
• B. a protective bacteria in the stomach
• C. bicarbonate present in the stomach
• D. the mucus lining of the stomach

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The stomach is protected from gastric acid by a thick mucus lining that acts as a physical barrier, preventing the acid from eroding the stomach walls. Enzymes in the stomach help with digestion but do not play a significant role in protecting the stomach from acid damage, so choice A is incorrect. While some bacteria in the stomach can be beneficial, they do not primarily protect the stomach from gastric acid, making choice B incorrect. Bicarbonate, a base, can neutralize acid, but it is not the primary defense mechanism against gastric acid in the stomach, so choice C is also incorrect.

5. Mr. Bradley has been advised to limit his dairy product intake. What principle regarding fluid intake should be followed?

• A. Gelatin, soups, fruit ices, and frozen fruit bars contribute to your fluid intake
• B. Drink milk in moderation
• C. Increase fiber intake
• D. Limit protein intake

Correct answer: A

Rationale: For patients with kidney disease, it's important to manage fluid intake from all sources, including foods like gelatin and soups, which can contribute to fluid overload.

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