all of the following are electrolytes except

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Practice A

1. All of the following are electrolytes except:

A. chloride
B. potassium
C. sodium
D. iron

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Iron is not an electrolyte; electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride help maintain fluid balance and are critical for nerve and muscle function.

2. A 52-year-old male patient recently required surgery for the removal of a large calcium oxalate stone. To prevent further stone formation, the nurse advises against drinking?

A. apple juice
B. tea
C. orange juice
D. coffee

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Tea contains oxalates, which can contribute to the formation of calcium oxalate stones; therefore, patients prone to kidney stones should avoid excessive tea consumption.

3. When should a newborn transition to whole milk according to dietary teaching for breastfeeding parents?

A. 6 months
B. 8 months
C. 10 months
D. 12 months

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Breast milk or formula should be the primary source of nutrition for infants up to around 1 year of age. The transition to whole cow's milk is recommended at 12 months of age, not earlier. Introducing whole milk before 12 months can lead to digestive issues and nutrient deficiencies. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they suggest transitioning to whole milk before the recommended age of 12 months.

4. A vegan patient might be at risk for deficiency in which of the following nutrients?

A. Vitamin B12
B. Vitamin C
C. Carbohydrates
D. Fiber

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal products, so individuals following a vegan diet are at risk of deficiency as they do not consume these sources. Vitamin C, Carbohydrates, and Fiber are not specifically at risk for deficiency in vegan diets as they can be obtained from plant-based sources.