Nursing Elites

1. All of the following are electrolytes except:

• A. chloride
• B. potassium
• C. sodium
• D. iron

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Iron is not an electrolyte; electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride help maintain fluid balance and are critical for nerve and muscle function.

2. Health practitioners evaluate disease progression in HIV-infected patients by measuring the concentrations of helper T cells and circulating virus, called _____.

• A. cross resistance
• B. the immune response
• C. acquired resistance
• D. the viral load

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The viral load is the measure of the amount of circulating virus in the blood and is used to evaluate the progression of HIV infection.

3. What is the term for a barrier that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum?

• A. Dumping syndrome
• B. Gastritis
• C. Gastric outlet obstruction
• D. Hypochlorhydria

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Gastric outlet obstruction refers to a condition where the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is blocked, preventing the normal passage of food. This is why choice 'C' is correct. 'A: Dumping syndrome' is incorrect because it is a condition where stomach contents move too quickly through the small intestine, not a barrier preventing emptying. 'B: Gastritis' is inflammation of the stomach lining, not a blockage of the outlet. 'D: Hypochlorhydria' refers to low stomach acid, which may affect digestion but does not create a physical barrier blocking the outlet of the stomach.

4. What food is most likely a source of trans fats in the diet?

• A. red meat
• B. peanut oil
• C. corn chips
• D. salmon

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: corn chips. Corn chips, especially those processed and fried, are a common source of trans fats, which are associated with an increased risk of heart disease. Red meat (choice A) and salmon (choice D) do not typically contain trans fats unless they are processed or cooked in trans fat-containing oils. Peanut oil (choice B) can be a healthier option compared to trans fat-containing oils.

5. This study, which is an in-depth study of one boy, is a:

• A. case study
• B. longitudinal study
• C. cross-sectional study
• D. evaluative study

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'A: case study.' A case study involves an in-depth examination of a single individual, group, or event. In this scenario, focusing on one boy aligns with the definition of a case study. The other options are not applicable: B) A longitudinal study involves following subjects over a period of time, C) A cross-sectional study examines a population at a single point in time, and D) An evaluative study assesses the effectiveness of a program or intervention, which is not the focus of the given scenario.

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