Nursing Elites

1. Which food has the highest calcium content?

• A. soy products
• B. milk
• C. cereal grains
• D. dark green vegetables

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, milk. Milk is known for being one of the best dietary sources of calcium, essential for bone health and various bodily functions. Soy products, cereal grains, and dark green vegetables are good sources of calcium as well, but milk generally has a higher calcium content compared to these options.

2. What chronic disease has been associated with increased risks of dental problems?

• A. diabetes mellitus
• B. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• C. Addison's disease
• D. asthma

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of dental problems, including gum disease and tooth loss, due to high blood sugar levels. While chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Addison's disease, and asthma may have oral health implications, diabetes mellitus is specifically known for its strong association with dental issues.

3. A client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN is awaiting the next container. What fluid should the nurse infuse in the interim?

• A. Dextrose 5% in water
• B. 0.9% sodium chloride
• C. Dextrose 10% in water
• D. Lactated Ringer's solution

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 0.9% sodium chloride. When a client receiving TPN is awaiting the next container, infusing 0.9% sodium chloride is the appropriate choice to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. Dextrose solutions are not recommended as they do not provide sufficient nutrition. Lactated Ringer's solution contains electrolytes but lacks essential nutrients found in TPN, making it an inadequate choice during the delay in TPN delivery.

4. Which dietary modification is most suitable for a client with type 2 diabetes who wants to improve glycemic control?

• A. Increase intake of saturated fats
• B. Decrease intake of refined carbohydrates
• C. Completely avoid all fruits
• D. Increase intake of sugary snacks

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Decreasing the intake of refined carbohydrates is the most effective dietary modification for a client with type 2 diabetes who aims to improve their glycemic control. Refined carbohydrates can cause sudden spikes in blood sugar levels, making diabetes management more difficult. Increasing the intake of saturated fats (Choice A) is not advisable as it can negatively impact heart health. Completely avoiding all fruits (Choice C) is unnecessary because most fruits have a low glycemic index and provide essential nutrients. Increasing the intake of sugary snacks (Choice D) will deteriorate glycemic control due to their high sugar content.

5. Patients with this chronic nutrient deficiency may feel tired, weak, and irritable while being unable to pinpoint why. Hypertension, heart attack, stroke, kidney stones, and osteoporosis are associated with the chronic deficiency of which nutrient?

• A. Zinc
• B. Iron
• C. Sodium
• D. Potassium

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Potassium. Chronic potassium deficiency can lead to hypertension, heart attack, stroke, kidney stones, and osteoporosis. Patients experiencing this deficiency may feel tired, weak, and irritable without knowing the cause. Choice A (Zinc) is incorrect as zinc deficiency presents with different symptoms. Choice B (Iron) deficiency is associated with anemia symptoms, not the conditions listed. Choice C (Sodium) deficiency typically manifests as muscle cramps, weakness, and confusion, not the conditions described in the question.

Similar Questions