Nursing Elites

1. Does the reduction in oxidative damage that occurs with energy restriction in animals also occur in people whose diets include _____?

• A. fiber and carbohydrates
• B. fatty acids and protein
• C. probiotics
• D. antioxidants and phytochemicals

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'antioxidants and phytochemicals'. Antioxidants and phytochemicals help reduce oxidative damage in the body, contributing to healthy aging and a lower risk of chronic diseases. This is the same effect observed in animals when their energy intake is restricted. The other choices are incorrect as there is no direct evidence connecting reduced oxidative damage with diets high in fiber and carbohydrates, fatty acids and protein, or probiotics.

2. A client who 1) _____ diet requires 2) ___ amounts of vitamin C.

• A. A) Follows a vegan diet, B) More
• B. B) Smokes cigarettes, B) More
• C. A) Follows a vegan diet, C) The same
• D. B) Smokes cigarettes, C) The same

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Smokes cigarettes, More. Smoking increases the need for vitamin C as it can deplete the body's vitamin C levels. Vegan diets, on the other hand, require more vitamin C for optimal absorption due to the absence of heme iron, which enhances non-heme iron absorption. Choices A and C are incorrect because vegan diets require more vitamin C, while smoking increases the need for vitamin C.

3. Which physiologic effect should the nurse expect in a client addicted to hallucinogens?

• A. Dilated pupils
• B. Constricted pupils
• C. Bradycardia
• D. Bradypnea

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Clients addicted to hallucinogens often exhibit constricted pupils due to the effects of the drug on the sympathetic nervous system. This sympathetic stimulation causes the pupils to constrict rather than dilate. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Dilated pupils are more commonly associated with stimulant use, while bradycardia (slow heart rate) and bradypnea (slow breathing) are not typical effects of hallucinogens.

4. A client with diabetes is being taught by a nurse about the dietary source that should provide the greatest percentage of calories. Which of the following statements indicates the client understands the teaching?

• A. "Most of my calories each day should be from fats."?
• B. "I should eat more calories from complex carbohydrates than anything else."?
• C. "Simple sugars are needed more than other calorie sources."?
• D. "Protein should be my main source of calories."?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is '"I should eat more calories from complex carbohydrates than anything else."?' Clients with diabetes should focus on complex carbohydrates as their primary calorie source because they have a lower impact on blood sugar levels compared to simple sugars or fats. Choice A is incorrect because a high intake of fats can lead to various health issues. Choice C is incorrect because simple sugars can cause rapid spikes in blood sugar levels. Choice D is incorrect as while protein is important, it should not be the main source of calories for someone with diabetes.

5. A nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client who has a burn injury and adheres to a vegan diet. The nurse should recommend which of the following foods as the best source of protein to promote wound healing?

• A. One cup of brown rice
• B. One cup of orange juice
• C. One cup of pureed avocado
• D. One cup of lentils

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Lentils are an excellent source of plant-based protein, essential for wound healing in a vegan diet. Brown rice, orange juice, and pureed avocado are not protein-rich foods like lentils and would not provide sufficient protein for wound healing in this scenario.

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