which enzyme digests fiber in the large intestine

ATI RN

Proctored Nutrition ATI

1. Which enzyme digests fiber in the large intestine?

A. salivary amylase
B. pancreatic amylase
C. cellulase
D. none of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'none of the above.' Human digestive enzymes like salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase cannot digest fiber. Instead, fiber is fermented by gut bacteria in the large intestine. Cellulase, which is an enzyme produced by some animals and microorganisms, can break down cellulose found in plants, but it is not a human digestive enzyme, making it an incorrect choice in this context.

2. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely to be associated with increased risk of macular degeneration?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect eye health and prevent macular degeneration.

3. A client with frequent kidney stones is receiving dietary teaching from a nurse. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

A. Limit your intake of dairy products.
B. Increase your consumption of protein-rich foods.
C. Avoid eating tree nuts, such as almonds.
D. Take a vitamin C supplement twice daily.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client to limit their intake of dairy products. Dairy products are high in calcium and can contribute to kidney stone formation in susceptible individuals. Increasing protein intake may lead to higher excretion of calcium, which can exacerbate kidney stone formation. While tree nuts are high in oxalates, which can contribute to kidney stone formation, it is not the primary concern in this case. Vitamin C supplements can increase oxalate levels in the urine, potentially increasing the risk of kidney stone formation, so it should not be recommended.

4. Does alcohol contain energy and is therefore a nutrient?

A. True
B. False
C.
D.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Alcohol does contain energy and provides calories, but it is not considered a nutrient. Nutrients are substances that contribute to essential bodily functions. While alcohol may have energy, it does not provide essential vitamins, minerals, or other nutrients necessary for the body's health. Additionally, excessive alcohol consumption can have harmful effects on the body, further supporting why alcohol is not classified as a nutrient.

5. Which biomolecule is responsible for the storage and transfer of genetic information?

A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Lipids
D. Nucleic acids

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are the biomolecules responsible for storing and transferring genetic information within cells. Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids do not have this specific function. Carbohydrates are mainly used for energy storage, structural support, and cellular communication. Proteins are involved in various cellular functions such as enzymatic reactions, structural support, and signaling. Lipids play roles in energy storage, cell membrane structure, and signaling.