a nurse is providing teaching to the parent of a toddler about appropriate snacks which of the following foods should the nurse include

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition

1. A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of a toddler about appropriate snacks. Which of the following foods should the nurse include?

A. Sliced bananas
B. Raw celery
C. Peanut butter
D. Grapes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is sliced bananas. Bananas are a good choice for toddlers as they are easy to chew, rich in potassium, and generally well-tolerated. Raw celery (Choice B) may pose a choking hazard due to its fibrous nature. Peanut butter (Choice C) should be avoided as it can also be a choking hazard and may cause an allergic reaction in some children. Grapes (Choice D) are a choking hazard for toddlers due to their size and shape, so they should be cut into smaller pieces or avoided altogether.

2. Proteolytic enzymes are most likely to break down which food type?

A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Fats
D. Lipids

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Proteolytic enzymes target proteins for breakdown into amino acids. Carbohydrates are broken down by enzymes like amylase, while fats are broken down by lipase. Lipids, which include fats, are not specifically targeted by proteolytic enzymes.

3. A nurse is providing teaching to a client with gastroesophageal reflux. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

A. I should elevate the head of my bed while sleeping.
B. I drink no more than 4 cups of coffee a day.
C. I take my time when I am eating.
D. I avoid foods and drinks made with chocolate.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'I drink no more than 4 cups of coffee a day.' Excessive coffee consumption can aggravate gastroesophageal reflux due to its acidic nature. Choices A, C, and D are all appropriate self-care measures for managing gastroesophageal reflux. Elevating the head of the bed while sleeping helps prevent acid reflux, eating slowly can reduce reflux episodes, and avoiding trigger foods like chocolate can help alleviate symptoms.

4. How is the stomach protected from damage by gastric acid?

A. enzymes present in the stomach
B. a protective bacteria in the stomach
C. bicarbonate present in the stomach
D. the mucus lining of the stomach

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The stomach is protected from gastric acid by a thick mucus lining that acts as a physical barrier, preventing the acid from eroding the stomach walls. Enzymes in the stomach help with digestion but do not play a significant role in protecting the stomach from acid damage, so choice A is incorrect. While some bacteria in the stomach can be beneficial, they do not primarily protect the stomach from gastric acid, making choice B incorrect. Bicarbonate, a base, can neutralize acid, but it is not the primary defense mechanism against gastric acid in the stomach, so choice C is also incorrect.

5. A healthcare professional is reviewing the laboratory findings of a client who has heart failure. Which of the following findings indicates that the client is experiencing fluid volume excess?

A. BUN 8 mg/dL
B. Hgb 15 g/dL
C. Creatinine 0.8 mg/dL
D. Sodium 140 mEq/L

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A BUN level of 8 mg/dL indicates fluid volume excess in a client with heart failure. BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) levels can be low in fluid overload due to hemodilution, a common occurrence in heart failure. High levels of BUN usually indicate dehydration or impaired renal function, which are not the case in fluid volume excess. Choices B, C, and D are within normal ranges and do not specifically indicate fluid volume excess.