Nursing Elites

1. In persons who are obese, weight reduction can improve such CHD risk factors as hypertension, blood lipid abnormalities, and?

• A. inflammation
• B. insulin resistance
• C. gastrointestinal motility disorders
• D. damage from cigarette smoking

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Weight reduction in obese individuals can improve insulin resistance, a key factor in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

2. Which student lunch is the least nutritious?

• A. Ham sandwich, apple, and milk
• B. Hamburger, fries, and soft drink
• C. Macaroni and cheese, green beans, and peaches
• D. Meatloaf, broccoli, and pear slices

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B - 'Hamburger, fries, and soft drink' as it contains foods high in unhealthy fats, sugars, and low nutritional value. A hamburger, fries, and a soft drink are considered less nutritious compared to the other options. Choice A includes a ham sandwich, apple, and milk, which provide a balance of protein, fiber, and calcium. Choice C consists of macaroni and cheese, green beans, and peaches, offering a mix of carbohydrates, vegetables, and fruits. Choice D contains meatloaf, broccoli, and pear slices, which provide a good source of protein, vitamins, and fiber. Therefore, option B is the least nutritious among the given choices.

3. Which food has the highest calcium content?

• A. 1 cup of carrot strips
• B. 3 oz of canned salmon
• C. 1 plain baked potato
• D. 1 cup of chopped chicken breast

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The highest source of calcium among the given choices is the 3 oz of canned salmon. This is due to the presence of bones in canned salmon, which are rich in calcium. The other options, including 1 cup of carrot strips, 1 plain baked potato, and 1 cup of chopped chicken breast, do not contain as much calcium due to the nature of their composition and lack of bone content.

4. In which type of shock does the patient experience a mismatch of blood flow to the cells?

• A. Distributive
• B. Cardiogenic
• C. Hypovolemic
• D. Septic

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Distributive shock. Distributive shock is characterized by a widespread increase in vascular permeability leading to a relative hypovolemia and a mismatch of blood flow to the cells. Choice B, Cardiogenic shock, is due to the heart's inability to pump effectively. Choice C, Hypovolemic shock, results from a decrease in intravascular volume. Choice D, Septic shock, is caused by a systemic response to infection.

5. A nurse is teaching a parent about appropriate snack choices for her 9-month-old infant. Which of the following food choices should the nurse recommend?

• A. Skim milk
• B. Unsalted popcorn
• C. Graham crackers
• D. Raw carrots

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Graham crackers are an appropriate snack choice for a 9-month-old infant due to their texture and ease of consumption. Skim milk (Choice A) is not recommended for infants under 1 year old due to the potential risk of developing milk allergies. Unsalted popcorn (Choice B) can be a choking hazard for infants. Raw carrots (Choice D) are a potential choking hazard for a 9-month-old infant and may be difficult for them to chew and digest.

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