Nursing Elites

1. What type of gastrointestinal complication is most likely to be caused by the use of antibiotics to treat H. pylori infection?

• A. Hemoptysis
• B. Altered taste sensation
• C. Flatulence
• D. Bloody stools

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Altered taste sensation. The use of antibiotics is known to cause changes in taste sensation as a side effect, especially when used to treat H. pylori infections. Hemoptysis (Choice A) refers to coughing up blood, and while it can be a symptom of various conditions, it is not typically associated with the use of antibiotics. Flatulence (Choice C) and bloody stools (Choice D) can also occur as gastrointestinal complications, but they are not the most likely side effect when treating H. pylori with antibiotics. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect.

2. A nurse in a prenatal clinic is educating a client about expected changes during pregnancy. The nurse should instruct the client about which change during pregnancy is related to the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract?

• A. Diarrhea
• B. Constipation
• C. Decreased absorption of iron
• D. Decreased absorption of calcium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During pregnancy, the hormonal changes can lead to the slowing down of the gastrointestinal tract, causing constipation. This occurs due to increased progesterone levels, which relax smooth muscles, including those in the intestines, leading to slower bowel movements. Diarrhea is not typically associated with the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract during pregnancy. While there may be changes in the absorption of nutrients like iron and calcium, they are not directly related to the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract.

3. Which nutrient is most important for maintaining fluid balance in the body?

• A. Protein
• B. Sodium
• C. Calcium
• D. Vitamin C

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Sodium plays a key role in maintaining fluid balance and regulating blood pressure.

4. Each of the following is a characteristic of fat, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. 95% of ingested fats are absorbed
• B. Hard fats take longer to digest than soft fats
• C. Fats contribute to palatability and flavor of foods
• D. Cooked fats improve the texture of foods

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Hard fats take longer to digest than soft fats because hard fats are solid at body temperature, making them more challenging to break down. Choice A is true as the majority of ingested fats are absorbed. Choice C is correct as fats indeed contribute to the palatability and flavor of foods. Choice D is accurate as cooked fats can enhance the texture of foods.

5. An estimated _____ percent of persons in the United States who have HIV infection are unaware that they are infected.

• A. 4%
• B. 21%
• C. 34%
• D. 49%

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: '21%'. Approximately 21% of persons in the United States who have HIV infection are unaware that they are infected. This percentage represents a significant portion of individuals who are not aware of their HIV status, highlighting the importance of increased testing and awareness campaigns. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the estimated percentage provided in the context.

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