Nursing Elites

1. Which best describes a key principle of public health?

• A. Focusing on individual health behaviors
• B. Addressing the social determinants of health
• C. Reducing health care costs
• D. Increasing access to health services

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A key principle of public health is addressing the social determinants of health, which include factors like socioeconomic status, education, and environment. By focusing on these determinants, public health initiatives aim to improve overall health outcomes for entire populations, rather than just individual health behaviors. This approach helps in creating a healthier society and preventing diseases at a broader level.

2. Parkinson's disease is associated with the loss of which of the following neurotransmitter?

• A. Serotonin
• B. Adrenaline
• C. Dopamine
• D. GABA

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter responsible for coordinating smooth muscle movements. The decrease in dopamine levels leads to the motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Serotonin, adrenaline, and GABA are not primarily implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.

3. Which of the following is the best intervention for a client with less than 6 months to live who is seeking comfort care?

• A. Set up a meeting with the hospice team
• B. Arrange a meeting with the client’s family
• C. Discuss advance directives (DNR & living will) with the patient
• D. Ask the provider to decrease the patient’s heart medications

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Setting up a meeting with the hospice team is the most appropriate intervention for a client with less than 6 months to live who is seeking comfort care. Hospice care focuses on providing comfort and support for individuals with terminal illnesses. By involving the hospice team, the client can receive specialized care aimed at improving their quality of life and managing symptoms effectively during this challenging time.

4. The C/PHN is supporting legislation that seeks tighter gun control laws in New York State. The nurse knows that a significant challenge to getting legislation passed relates to which of the following:

• A. A lack of interest in this topic by many citizens of the state.
• B. An inability to gather statistics to understand the magnitude of the problem.
• C. Special interest groups that exert influence on legislators.
• D. The idea that gun violence is not a significant public health concern in the US.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Special interest groups often exert significant influence on legislators, making it challenging to pass tighter gun control laws. These groups may lobby against such legislation, impacting the decision-making process of lawmakers. This influence can hinder the progress of bills related to gun control, despite potential public support or health implications.

5. Match the following terms in column A with the correct definition in Column B:

• A. I. Topical anesthesia C. The agent is applied directly to the skin and mucous membranes of the skin. II. Epidural anesthesia D. Injecting the anesthesia in the epidural mater of the spinal cord.
• B. II. Epidural anesthesia B. Anesthesia is introduced in the subarachnoid space at the lumbar area L4 and L5. I. Topical anesthesia C. The agent is applied directly to the skin and mucous membranes of the skin.
• C. I. Topical anesthesia C. The agent is applied directly to the skin and mucous membranes of the skin. II. Epidural anesthesia D. Injecting the anesthesia in the epidural mater of the spinal cord.
• D. I. Topical anesthesia C. The agent is applied directly to the skin and mucous membranes of the skin. II. Epidural anesthesia B. Anesthesia is introduced in the subarachnoid space at the lumbar area L4 and L5.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Topical anesthesia involves applying the anesthetic agent directly to the skin and mucous membranes to numb the area. On the other hand, epidural anesthesia involves injecting the anesthetic into the epidural space surrounding the spinal cord. Therefore, the correct matches are: I. Topical anesthesia with the definition of applying the agent directly to the skin and mucous membranes (Choice C), and II. Epidural anesthesia with the definition of injecting the anesthesia in the epidural space around the spinal cord (Choice D).

Similar Questions