Nursing Elites

1. Which action demonstrates primary prevention?

• A. Administering immunizations
• B. Teaching healthy lifestyle behaviors
• C. Educating about the importance of regular check-ups
• D. Screening for early signs of disease

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Administering immunizations is a primary prevention strategy aimed at preventing diseases before they occur. By administering immunizations, the nurse helps individuals develop immunity against specific diseases, reducing the likelihood of them getting sick in the first place. This proactive approach aligns with primary prevention efforts to promote health and prevent illnesses.

2. The community health nurse is involved in public health work. Which of these statements by the nurse reflects an understanding of upstream interventions?

• A. I will engage in policy initiatives in my urban area.
• B. I will administer the flu shot to interested seniors.
• C. I will help manage a senior's diabetes needs at home.
• D. I will work with a local school to provide asthma education.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because engaging in policy initiatives reflects an understanding of upstream interventions. Upstream interventions focus on influencing broader determinants of health, such as policies and social factors, to prevent health issues before they occur. This approach addresses the root causes of health problems rather than just treating symptoms or providing individual care.

3. Which action represents a secondary prevention strategy?

• A. Screening for hypertension
• B. Providing immunizations
• C. Offering rehabilitation services
• D. Administering antibiotics for infections

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Screening for hypertension is a secondary prevention strategy as it involves early detection and management of a health condition before it progresses. Secondary prevention aims to identify and treat diseases in their early stages to prevent complications and improve outcomes.

4. Parkinson's disease is associated with the loss of which of the following neurotransmitter?

• A. Serotonin
• B. Adrenaline
• C. Dopamine
• D. GABA

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter responsible for coordinating smooth muscle movements. The decrease in dopamine levels leads to the motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Serotonin, adrenaline, and GABA are not primarily implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.

5. Which best describes a key principle of public health?

• A. Focusing on individual health behaviors
• B. Addressing the social determinants of health
• C. Reducing health care costs
• D. Increasing access to health services

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A key principle of public health is addressing the social determinants of health, which include factors like socioeconomic status, education, and environment. By focusing on these determinants, public health initiatives aim to improve overall health outcomes for entire populations, rather than just individual health behaviors. This approach helps in creating a healthier society and preventing diseases at a broader level.

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