Nursing Elites

1. When the home health nurse visits the home of a 10-month-old child, she observes the environment for risks of injury to the child. Which observation will the nurse discuss with the mother?

• A. The mother leaves the filled mop bucket on the floor while in another room.
• B. The mother turns all pan handles to the back of the stove.
• C. The mother fills the bathtub before bringing the baby into the bathroom.
• D. When riding in a car, the child is in a car seat in the middle of the back seat.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because leaving a filled mop bucket on the floor poses a drowning hazard for a 10-month-old child. Water in the bucket can be a potential drowning risk if the child falls into it. Pan handles turned to the back of the stove prevent accidental spills or burns, which is a safety measure in the kitchen. Filling the bathtub before bringing the baby into the bathroom helps in preventing burns from hot water. Placing the child in a car seat in the middle of the back seat provides safety by minimizing the risk of injury during a car ride, but it is not the most immediate risk to address in the scenario provided.

2. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parent of a child who has juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

• A. Encourage the child to sleep for 8 hours each night.
• B. Perform range-of-motion exercises once per week.
• C. Give your child NSAIDs on a regular schedule.
• D. Apply heat to the child's affected joints twice daily.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The nurse should instruct the parent to give the child NSAIDs on a regular schedule to maintain therapeutic levels and control pain.

3. How does an occupational therapist use clinical guidelines to inform practice with children and youth?

• A. Modify guidelines to fit the specific environment
• B. Establish systems to monitor outcomes
• C. Select the most recent guidelines without considering the client
• D. Consider guidelines that fit one's clientele and environment

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When using clinical guidelines to inform practice with children and youth, it is crucial for occupational therapists to not solely rely on the most recent guidelines but to consider the individual needs and contexts of each client. Selecting guidelines based solely on recency without considering the specific client can lead to ineffective or inappropriate interventions.

4. When discussing the correction of hypospadias in a newborn, what does the nurse explain about this condition?

• A. No intervention is required as the defect will correct itself over time.
• B. Surgical repair of hypospadias is typically performed before 18 months of age.
• C. Corrective surgery is commonly postponed until preschool age.
• D. Repairing the defect does not increase the risk of testicular cancer.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis. Surgical repair is the primary treatment for hypospadias and is usually recommended to be done before 18 months of age. This timing is preferred for optimal cosmetic and functional outcomes. Waiting until preschool age for corrective surgery may increase the complexity of the procedure and potential complications. Correcting hypospadias does not impact the risk of testicular cancer.

5. Which stage of motor learning is illustrated as the toddler attempts to place a shape into a container multiple times using an effective reach and grasp pattern often but makes errors?

• A. Skill Acquisition
• B. Perceptual Learning
• C. Functional Performance
• D. Exploratory Activity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Perceptual Learning. In this stage, the toddler learns from sensory input and refines their movements over time, even though errors may still occur. This process involves improving coordination and fine-tuning motor skills based on feedback from repeated attempts.

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