Nursing Elites

1. When discussing the correction of hypospadias in a newborn, what does the nurse explain about this condition?

• A. No intervention is required as the defect will correct itself over time.
• B. Surgical repair of hypospadias is typically performed before 18 months of age.
• C. Corrective surgery is commonly postponed until preschool age.
• D. Repairing the defect does not increase the risk of testicular cancer.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis. Surgical repair is the primary treatment for hypospadias and is usually recommended to be done before 18 months of age. This timing is preferred for optimal cosmetic and functional outcomes. Waiting until preschool age for corrective surgery may increase the complexity of the procedure and potential complications. Correcting hypospadias does not impact the risk of testicular cancer.

2. The nurse is reviewing the home medication list with the patient. The nurse recognizes that hydrochlorothiazide is used primarily for which condition?

• A. Hypertension
• B. Edema
• C. Diabetes insipidus
• D. Protection against postmenopausal osteoporosis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide is primarily indicated for hypertension (HTN). Thiazides like hydrochlorothiazide are commonly the first-line treatment for hypertension. While hydrochlorothiazide can be used for edema, diabetes insipidus, and postmenopausal osteoporosis to some extent, its main use and efficacy lie in managing hypertension.

3. The nurse is preparing to administer a daily dose of digoxin. What is the priority nursing intervention?

• A. Analyze HR and rhythm
• B.
• C. Check BP
• D. Palpate the pedal pulses

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Before giving digoxin, the nurse will assess the HR and rhythm. The dosage will be held and the prescriber notified if the HR is below 60 bpm or if the cardiac rhythm has changes. Digoxin can cause bradycardia and electrical changes in the heart.

4. A nurse provides dietary teaching to the guardian of a school-age child with cystic fibrosis. Which statement should the nurse make?

• A. You should offer your child high-protein meals and snacks throughout the day.
• B. You should decrease your child's dietary fat intake to less than 10% of their caloric intake.
• C. You should restrict your child's calorie intake to 1,200 per day.
• D. You should give your child a multivitamin once weekly.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. High-protein meals and snacks are essential for children with cystic fibrosis due to their increased nutritional needs. Protein helps in maintaining muscle mass and overall health in individuals with cystic fibrosis, making it crucial to include in their diet. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because decreasing dietary fat intake to less than 10% of caloric intake, restricting calorie intake to 1,200 per day, and giving a multivitamin once weekly are not appropriate dietary recommendations for a child with cystic fibrosis.

5. The healthcare provider should question an order for glucocorticoids in the treatment of a patient with what condition?

• A. Systemic fungal infection
• B. Diabetes Mellitus
• C. Myasthenia Gravis
• D. Glaucoma

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Glucocorticoids are contraindicated in the treatment of a patient with systemic fungal infection or in patients receiving live vaccines due to their immunosuppressive effects. Glucocorticoids can exacerbate fungal infections by suppressing the immune response. While caution is advised in patients with diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, and glaucoma, the presence of a systemic fungal infection warrants questioning the use of glucocorticoids to prevent worsening of the fungal infection.

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