Nursing Elites

1. What symptoms would most likely be associated with a transient ischemic attack?

• A. confusion and difficulty speaking
• B. headache and blurred vision
• C. chest pain and pressure
• D. claudication and peripheral edema

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: confusion and difficulty speaking. These symptoms are commonly associated with a transient ischemic attack (TIA), which is a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain. Choice B, headache and blurred vision, are more indicative of other conditions such as migraines or eye problems. Choice C, chest pain and pressure, are more characteristic of cardiac issues like a heart attack. Choice D, claudication and peripheral edema, are typical of peripheral arterial disease and not typically seen in TIAs.

2. A nurse is assessing a client who reports muscle spasms in his calves and tingling in his hands. The client indicates consuming a low intake of milk products and green leafy vegetables. The nurse should identify that the client's findings indicate a deficiency in which of the following sources of nutrition?

• A. Iron
• B. Omega-3 fatty acids
• C. Vitamin C
• D. Calcium

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Calcium. Muscle spasms and tingling suggest a calcium deficiency, which is commonly associated with a low intake of milk products and green leafy vegetables. Iron (choice A) deficiency typically presents with fatigue and weakness, not muscle spasms and tingling. Omega-3 fatty acids (choice B) are essential for brain function and heart health, but their deficiency does not manifest as muscle spasms and tingling. Vitamin C (choice C) deficiency leads to scurvy with symptoms like bleeding gums and bruising, not muscle spasms and tingling.

3. A nurse is providing teaching to a group of older adults about oil-rich foods. Which of the following foods should be included as the equivalent of 6 tsp of oil?

• A. 1 tbsp soft margarine
• B. 1?2 oz of nuts
• C. 2 tbsp peanut butter
• D. 1 oz sunflower seeds

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 2 tbsp peanut butter. 6 teaspoons of oil are equivalent to 2 tablespoons of oil. Peanut butter is a good source of oil and healthy fats. Choice A, 1 tbsp soft margarine, is incorrect because 1 tablespoon is not equivalent to 6 teaspoons. Choice B, 1?2 oz of nuts, is incorrect as nuts are not equivalent to oil-rich foods in this context. Choice D, 1 oz sunflower seeds, is incorrect because 1 ounce of sunflower seeds is not equivalent to 6 teaspoons of oil.

4. You are teaching your clients the difference between Type I (IDDM) and Type II (NDDM) diabetes. Which of the following statements is true?

• A. Both types of diabetes mellitus clients are prone to developing ketosis.
• B. Type II (NIDDM) is more common and preventable compared to Type I (IDDM) diabetes, which is genetic.
• C. Type I (IIDM) is characterized by fasting hyperglycemia.
• D. Type II (NIDDM) is characterized by abnormal immune response.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Type II diabetes (NIDDM) is characterized by insulin resistance and a relative lack of insulin. It is not primarily characterized by an abnormal immune response. Option A is incorrect because only Type I diabetes clients are prone to developing ketosis due to a lack of insulin. Option B is incorrect because while Type II diabetes is more common and often preventable through lifestyle changes, it is not solely genetic. Option C is incorrect because Type I diabetes, not Type II, is characterized by fasting hyperglycemia due to an absolute lack of insulin production.

5. What should be recommended to help prevent early childhood caries (ECC) in infants?

• A. Avoid giving the infant nighttime bottles
• B. Have the infant drink pasteurized skim milk
• C. Feed the infant iron-rich foods
• D. Give the infant fruit juice to drink

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'A: Avoid giving the infant nighttime bottles' because prolonged exposure to sugars in milk during the night can lead to caries. Options 'B: Have the infant drink pasteurized skim milk' and 'D: Give the infant fruit juice to drink' are not recommended as they contain sugars that can cause cavities, especially in infants. Option 'C: Feed the infant iron-rich foods' is incorrect because while a balanced diet is important, iron-rich foods do not directly prevent caries development.

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