what laboratory value would be considered a high risk measure for coronary heart disease assessment

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Proctored

1. What laboratory value would be considered a high-risk measure for coronary heart disease assessment?

A. triglycerides > 150 mg/dL
B. BMI > 31
C. LDL cholesterol < 128 mg/dL
D. blood pressure of 128/82 mmHg

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: BMI > 31. A BMI over 31 is considered a high-risk factor for coronary heart disease as it indicates obesity, which is strongly linked to cardiovascular issues. Triglycerides > 150 mg/dL (choice A) can contribute to heart disease risk but are not as specific as BMI in assessing overall risk. LDL cholesterol < 128 mg/dL (choice C) is actually a desirable level, indicating lower risk. A blood pressure of 128/82 mmHg (choice D) is within normal range and not a high-risk measure specifically for coronary heart disease.

2. A client newly diagnosed with hypertension is receiving teaching about the Mediterranean diet from a nurse. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

A. I will limit my intake of red meat to twice weekly.
B. I can have dairy in moderate portions daily.
C. I can have fish two times a week.
D. I can drink wine in moderation.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Patients with hypertension should be advised to limit alcohol consumption, including wine, to help manage their blood pressure. Choices A, B, and C are all consistent with the Mediterranean diet and are appropriate for a client with hypertension. Reducing red meat intake, consuming dairy in moderate portions, and having fish regularly align with the principles of this heart-healthy eating pattern.

3. Select all that apply. To lower LDL levels, you should:

A. consume minimal amounts of hydrogenated and saturated fats
B. consume more insoluble fibers than soluble fibers
C. consume alcohol in moderate levels
D. engage in regular physical activity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To lower LDL levels, reducing intake of hydrogenated (trans) and saturated fats is crucial, as these types of fats can raise LDL cholesterol in the blood. Choice B is incorrect because both soluble and insoluble fibers can help lower LDL levels. Choice C is incorrect as excessive alcohol consumption can lead to increased LDL levels. Choice D, engaging in regular physical activity, can help raise HDL (good) cholesterol levels but is not directly related to lowering LDL levels.

4. During the later stages of chronic kidney disease, what is the recommended protein intake in grams per kilogram of body weight per day?

A. 0.6 to 0.75
B. 1.2 to 1.55
C. 1.0 to 1.2
D. 0.8 to 1.0

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the later stages of chronic kidney disease, the recommended protein intake is typically restricted to 0.6 to 0.75 grams per kilogram of body weight per day. This lower protein intake helps reduce the workload on the kidneys, as excessive protein can be challenging for the kidneys to process. Choice B (1.2 to 1.55) is incorrect as it suggests a higher protein intake, which is not recommended for individuals with advanced kidney disease. Choices C (1.0 to 1.2) and D (0.8 to 1.0) also advocate for protein intakes higher than what is typically advised for individuals in later stages of chronic kidney disease.

5. What does oliguria lead to in patients with acute kidney injury?

A. Hypophosphatemia and overgrowth of bone tissue
B. An increase in blood potassium levels due to excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone
C. Sodium retention and elevated levels of potassium
D. Edema due to increased urine production

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In patients with acute kidney injury, oliguria (reduced urine output) often results in sodium retention and hyperkalemia (elevated levels of potassium). This is due to the kidneys' decreased capacity to excrete these substances. Choice A is incorrect because hypophosphatemia and overgrowth of bone tissue are not direct consequences of oliguria in acute kidney injury. Choice B is incorrect because an increase in blood potassium levels is not caused by excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone but rather by decreased excretion of potassium. Choice D is incorrect because edema is not caused by increased urine production but rather by fluid overload due to decreased urine output.