Nursing Elites

1. Each of the following is a characteristic of fat, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. 95% of ingested fats are absorbed
• B. Hard fats take longer to digest than soft fats
• C. Fats contribute to palatability and flavor of foods
• D. Cooked fats improve the texture of foods

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Hard fats take longer to digest than soft fats because hard fats are solid at body temperature, making them more challenging to break down. Choice A is true as the majority of ingested fats are absorbed. Choice C is correct as fats indeed contribute to the palatability and flavor of foods. Choice D is accurate as cooked fats can enhance the texture of foods.

2. Maternal malnutrition at a critical period of development may have lifelong effects on an individual's pattern of genetic expression and on the tendency to develop obesity, which is a concept known as _____.

• A. genetic determination
• B. metabolic tolerance
• C. chromosomal influence
• D. fetal programming

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Fetal programming refers to the concept that maternal nutrition during critical periods of development can have long-term effects on an individual's health and risk of diseases like obesity.

3. A nurse in a prenatal clinic is educating a client about expected changes during pregnancy. The nurse should instruct the client about which change during pregnancy is related to the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract?

• A. Diarrhea
• B. Constipation
• C. Decreased absorption of iron
• D. Decreased absorption of calcium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During pregnancy, the hormonal changes can lead to the slowing down of the gastrointestinal tract, causing constipation. This occurs due to increased progesterone levels, which relax smooth muscles, including those in the intestines, leading to slower bowel movements. Diarrhea is not typically associated with the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract during pregnancy. While there may be changes in the absorption of nutrients like iron and calcium, they are not directly related to the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract.

4. Each statement is true of rickets, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Rickets is being diagnosed more frequently in the United States.
• B. Rickets is caused by vitamin C deficiency.
• C. Tachetic deformities such as bow legs or knock-knees develop.
• D. A narrow and distorted chest occurs.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rickets is caused by vitamin D deficiency, not vitamin C deficiency. It usually occurs in children who are 1 to 3 years old. The name rickets came from the word 'wrikken,' meaning 'to bend or twist.' Common manifestations of rickets include tachetic deformities like bow legs or knock-knees, a narrow and distorted chest, and failure of the epiphyses of bones to develop normally, resulting in twisted and warped bones. While the diagnosis of rickets may be increasing in the United States, it is not caused by a lack of vitamin C.

5. In an extreme situation and when no other resident or intern is available, should a nurse receive telephone orders, the order has to be correctly written and signed by the physician within:

• A. 24 hours
• B. 36 hours
• C. 48 hours
• D. 12 hours

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In an extreme situation where no other resident or intern is available, if a nurse receives telephone orders, the order has to be correctly written and signed by the physician within 36 hours. This time frame ensures timely documentation and validation of the orders. Choice A (24 hours) is too short a period for busy physicians to fulfill the task. Choice C (48 hours) is too long and delays the incorporation of physician orders into the patient's care plan. Choice D (12 hours) may not provide enough time for the physician to review and sign the order, especially in situations where immediate attention is not required.

Similar Questions