Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary purpose of clinical pathways in healthcare?

• A. Reduce hospital readmissions
• B. Standardize care
• C. Provide individualized care
• D. Streamline care processes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary purpose of clinical pathways in healthcare is to provide individualized care. While clinical pathways do involve standardizing treatment plans, their main goal is to tailor these plans to the individual needs of patients. This customization ensures that patients receive care that is specific to their condition and requirements, rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because although reducing hospital readmissions, standardizing care, and streamlining care processes can be benefits of clinical pathways, they are not the primary purpose. The main focus is on delivering personalized treatment paths to enhance patient outcomes.

2. What is the difference between the amounts that were budgeted for specific revenue or cost and the actual revenue or cost that resulted during the course of activities?

• A. Budget
• B. Variable
• C. Variance
• D. Premiums

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Variance. Variance represents the distinction between the planned budgeted amount for a particular revenue or cost and the actual amount that occurred during the activities. In financial management, variance analysis is crucial for assessing performance and identifying areas that deviate from the budgeted expectations. Choice A, 'Budget,' is incorrect as it refers to the planned amount rather than the difference between planned and actual amounts. Choice B, 'Variable,' does not specifically address the comparison between budgeted and actual figures. Choice D, 'Premiums,' is unrelated to the concept of comparing budgeted and actual values in the context of financial analysis.

3. A staff nurse describes the unit manager as 'a born leader.' The nurse ascribes to which theory of leadership?

• A. Trait theories
• B. Behavioral theories
• C. Formal leadership theories
• D. Democratic leadership theories

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trait theories. The nurse describing the unit manager as 'a born leader' aligns with trait theories of leadership, which suggest that certain inborn characteristics or traits contribute to effective leadership. This theory emphasizes that leaders possess natural qualities that make them suitable for leadership roles. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Behavioral theories focus on the actions and behaviors of leaders, formal leadership theories emphasize organizational structure and roles, and democratic leadership theories pertain to a style of leadership that involves participative decision-making.

4. In which order will the nurse take these steps to prepare NPH 20 units and regular insulin 2 units using the same syringe? (Put a comma and a space between each answer choice [A, B, C, D, E]).

• A. Rotate NPH vial, Inject 20 units of air into NPH vial, Withdraw regular insulin, Inject 2 units of air into regular insulin vial, Withdraw 20 units of NPH.
• B. Rotate NPH vial, Inject 20 units of air into NPH vial, Withdraw regular insulin, Inject 2 units of air into regular insulin vial, Withdraw 20 units of NPH.
• C. Rotate NPH vial, Inject 20 units of air into NPH vial, Inject 2 units of air into regular insulin vial, Withdraw regular insulin, Withdraw 20 units of NPH.
• D. Rotate NPH vial, Inject 20 units of air into NPH vial, Withdraw 20 units of NPH, Inject 2 units of air into regular insulin vial, Withdraw regular insulin.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct order to prepare NPH 20 units and regular insulin 2 units using the same syringe is to start by rotating the NPH vial, then injecting 20 units of air into the NPH vial. Next, inject 2 units of air into the regular insulin vial, followed by withdrawing the regular insulin. Finally, withdraw 20 units of NPH. This sequence ensures proper mixing and preparation of the insulin doses. Choices A, B, and D have incorrect sequences that may lead to incorrect dosages or inadequate mixing of the insulins.

5. According to Maslow's theory, which level of needs must be met first?

• A. Self-actualization needs
• B. Esteem needs
• C. Safety needs
• D. Physiological needs

Correct answer: D

Rationale: According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, physiological needs are at the lowest level and must be satisfied first before an individual can progress to fulfilling higher-level needs. Physiological needs include basic requirements for survival such as food, water, shelter, and sleep. Esteem needs, safety needs, and self-actualization needs are higher-level needs that can only be addressed once physiological needs are adequately met. Therefore, the correct answer is D, physiological needs.

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