Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following best describes the concept of patient autonomy?

• A. The right of patients to make their own healthcare decisions
• B. The duty to do no harm
• C. The obligation to tell the truth
• D. The responsibility to provide equitable care

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient autonomy refers to the right of patients to make their own healthcare decisions based on their values and preferences. It emphasizes the importance of respecting patients' rights to choose their treatment options, even if their decisions may not align with healthcare providers' recommendations. Choice B, the duty to do no harm, refers to the ethical principle of nonmaleficence, which is separate from patient autonomy. Choice C, the obligation to tell the truth, is related to the principle of veracity and does not directly encompass patient autonomy. Choice D, the responsibility to provide equitable care, pertains to the concept of justice in healthcare and is not synonymous with patient autonomy.

2. A client with limited mobility in their lower extremities is at risk for skin breakdown. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent skin breakdown?

• A. Place the client in high-Fowler's position.
• B. Increase the client's intake of carbohydrates.
• C. Massage areas of skin that are darker than the surrounding skin tissue with unscented lotion.
• D. Have the client use a trapeze bar when changing position

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increase the client's intake of carbohydrates. Adequate nutrition, including carbohydrates, is essential for tissue repair and preventing skin breakdown. Placing the client in high-Fowler's position (choice A) may help with respiratory function but does not directly prevent skin breakdown. Massaging areas of darker skin (choice C) can cause further damage to the skin. Using a trapeze bar (choice D) may assist with changing positions but does not directly address skin breakdown prevention.

3. What is the primary advantage of utilizing a modular nursing model?

• A. Improved patient satisfaction
• B. Enhanced teamwork
• C. Cost reduction
• D. Improved communication

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary advantage of utilizing a modular nursing model is enhanced teamwork and collaboration among nurses. While improved patient satisfaction, cost reduction, and improved communication are essential in healthcare settings, the modular nursing model specifically focuses on restructuring care delivery to promote teamwork and efficiency. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are not the primary advantages of using a modular nursing model.

4. An RN�s client with terminal pancreatic cancer asks questions about a do not resuscitate order. Which of the following statements should be included in the RN�s teaching to the client?

• A. When a heart ceases to beat, the client is pronounced clinically dead.
• B. Physicians must write do not resuscitate (DNR) orders.
• C. A DNR order can be written after the health-care provider has discussed it with the client and family.
• D. A DNR requires a court decision.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A DNR order can be written after the health-care provider has discussed it with the client and family.

5. According to Maslow's theory, which level of needs must be met first?

• A. Self-actualization needs
• B. Esteem needs
• C. Safety needs
• D. Physiological needs

Correct answer: D

Rationale: According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, physiological needs are at the lowest level and must be satisfied first before an individual can progress to fulfilling higher-level needs. Physiological needs include basic requirements for survival such as food, water, shelter, and sleep. Esteem needs, safety needs, and self-actualization needs are higher-level needs that can only be addressed once physiological needs are adequately met. Therefore, the correct answer is D, physiological needs.

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