Nursing Elites

1. What is the last step in interpersonal reasoning?

• A. Choose a response or mode sequence
• B. Gather Feedback
• C. Anticipate
• D. Determine if a mode shift is required

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The last step in interpersonal reasoning involves gathering feedback. Once you have gone through the process of anticipating, choosing a response or mode sequence, and determining if a mode shift is required, the final step is to gather feedback to assess the effectiveness of your interaction and make any necessary adjustments.

2. What is functional behavior analysis?

• A. Systematic observation of behavior
• B. Standardized assessment
• C. Multiple choice examination
• D. Parent-teacher questionnaire

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Functional behavior analysis involves systematically observing behavior to understand its function and context. It focuses on identifying the antecedents and consequences that maintain or influence behavior. This systematic observation helps in determining patterns, triggers, and maintaining factors of behavior. Standardized assessments (choice B) involve using specific tools or tests to measure a person's performance or behavior but do not focus on observation. Multiple choice examinations (choice C) and parent-teacher questionnaires (choice D) are not synonymous with functional behavior analysis as they do not involve direct observation of behavior for analysis.

3. Which statement best reflects a top-down approach to the evaluation process?

• A. OT focuses on evaluating the child's poor performance in hand skills
• B. OT conducts an assessment to determine a motor age for fine motor and gross motor skills
• C. OT initiates by interviewing the family about routines, interests, and daily habits
• D. OT starts by assessing muscle tone, postural control, and range of motion

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A top-down evaluation approach in occupational therapy begins with understanding the child's daily life, family routines, interests, and habits to ensure that the therapy provided is relevant and meaningful within the child's natural environment. By initiating the evaluation process with family interviews to gather contextual information, the occupational therapist gains a comprehensive view of the child's life, which allows for a more holistic and client-centered approach. Choice A focuses solely on the child's poor performance in hand skills, which is more characteristic of a bottom-up approach. Choice B mentions determining a motor age, which is not necessarily aligned with a top-down assessment. Choice D emphasizes physical assessments like muscle tone and range of motion, which are important but do not capture the essence of a top-down approach that considers the child's environment and routines.

4. At what age range is it important to feed a baby in a more upright position and no longer in sidelying?

• A. 6-12 months
• B. 4-6 months
• C. 12-18 months
• D. Birth to 3 months

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Feeding a baby in a more upright position and no longer in sidelying is important around 4-6 months of age. At this stage, babies start developing better head and trunk control, which allows them to sit in a more upright position for feeding, promoting safer and more efficient swallowing and digestion. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as feeding a baby in a more upright position typically starts around 4-6 months when the baby has gained more control over their head and trunk movements, making it safer and more effective for feeding.

5. What type of characteristic is described in this scenario?

• A. Mode Change
• B. Social
• C. Enduring
• D. Situational

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The scenario describes a temporary change in Ava's emotional state due to a specific event - the fight with her friend. This aligns with the definition of a situational characteristic, which is influenced by specific circumstances or events. Ava's sadness and tearfulness in this situation are not reflective of a permanent trait but rather a response to a particular situation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. 'Mode Change' does not accurately describe the situation; 'Social' is too broad and does not specifically address Ava's emotional state change; 'Enduring' implies a long-lasting trait, which is not the case in this scenario.

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