Nursing Elites

1. What is the biopsychosocial model, and why is it important?

• A. A model that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors.
• B. A model that focuses solely on biological factors.
• C. A model that excludes social factors.
• D. A model that focuses solely on psychological factors.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The biopsychosocial model is a model that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors. It is important because it recognizes the interconnectedness of these factors in influencing an individual's mental health. Option B is incorrect because the biopsychosocial model does not focus solely on biological factors. Option C is incorrect as the model does not exclude social factors. Option D is incorrect as the model does not focus solely on psychological factors.

2. What is the current view of developmentalists regarding important changes throughout the entire human lifespan?

• A. Multicultural perspective
• B. Lifespan perspective
• C. Atypical development
• D. Maturation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Lifespan perspective.' This perspective highlights that significant developmental changes occur throughout a person's entire life, emphasizing continuous growth and development. Choice A, 'Multicultural perspective,' refers to the consideration of cultural influences on development rather than the timeline of changes. Choice C, 'Atypical development,' pertains to deviations from typical developmental patterns and is not directly related to the continuous changes across the lifespan. Choice D, 'Maturation,' specifically refers to the biological process of growth and development, which is different from the broader concept of developmental changes occurring across the lifespan.

3. The ____ believed that consciousness developed in humans because it serves a useful purpose?

• A. Behaviorists
• B. Humanists
• C. Functionalists
• D. Structuralists

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Functionalists believed that consciousness evolved because it serves a useful purpose in helping humans adapt to their environment. Choice A, Behaviorists, focused on observable behaviors rather than consciousness. Choice B, Humanists, emphasized human potential and self-actualization. Choice D, Structuralists, studied the basic elements of consciousness rather than its function and purpose.

4. Scientific research has demonstrated that the ________ parenting style is most likely to lead to healthy psychological development in children.

• A. authoritative
• B. authoritarian
• C. permissive
• D. neglectful/uninvolved

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, authoritative. Authoritative parenting combines warmth and nurturing with reasonable limits and consistent discipline. This style promotes independence, self-regulation, and social competence in children, leading to healthy psychological development. Choice B, authoritarian parenting, is characterized by strict rules and harsh punishment without much warmth, which can lead to anxiety and lower self-esteem in children. Choice C, permissive parenting, involves few demands and little control, resulting in children lacking self-discipline and social skills. Choice D, neglectful/uninvolved parenting, is characterized by a lack of responsiveness to a child's emotional needs and can lead to various negative outcomes such as poor self-esteem and emotional issues.

5. Genes ________

• A. determine how a person will behave.
• B. cause people to develop mental disorders.
• C. determine what characteristics a person will have.
• D. determine the range of characteristics a person has.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Genes determine the range of characteristics a person has. Choice A is incorrect because genes do not solely determine behavior, as behavior is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Choice B is incorrect because while genes can contribute to the risk of developing mental disorders, they do not directly cause them. Choice C is incorrect as genes contribute to but do not solely determine all characteristics a person will have.

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