Nursing Elites

1. What is the biopsychosocial model, and why is it important?

• A. A model that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors.
• B. A model that focuses solely on biological factors.
• C. A model that excludes social factors.
• D. A model that focuses solely on psychological factors.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The biopsychosocial model is a model that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors. It is important because it recognizes the interconnectedness of these factors in influencing an individual's mental health. Option B is incorrect because the biopsychosocial model does not focus solely on biological factors. Option C is incorrect as the model does not exclude social factors. Option D is incorrect as the model does not focus solely on psychological factors.

2. Mental disorders are almost always _______, meaning they are influenced by multiple genes.

• A. environmental
• B. chemical circuits
• C. polygenic
• D. probabilistic

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'polygenic.' Mental disorders are polygenic, which means they are influenced by multiple genes. This term specifically refers to conditions or traits that are caused by more than one gene. Choice A, 'environmental,' is incorrect as it doesn't directly refer to the genetic influence on mental disorders. Choice B, 'chemical circuits,' is incorrect as it is too specific and not a common term used to describe the genetic basis of mental disorders. Choice D, 'probabilistic,' is incorrect as it relates more to the likelihood or chance of something happening rather than the genetic influence on mental disorders.

3. What are influences that are unusual events with a major impact on individual lives because they disrupt the expected sequence of the life cycle?

• A. Nonnormative influences
• B. Normative history-graded influence
• C. Normative age-graded influence
• D. Sensitive period

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Nonnormative influences refer to unusual events that have a significant impact on individuals' lives by disrupting the typical life cycle. They are events that are not typical for a specific age or cohort. Normative history-graded influences (choice B) are common influences shared by a specific generation due to historical circumstances. Normative age-graded influences (choice C) are typical events that occur at a particular age for most people. A sensitive period (choice D) is a biologically determined time during which specific experiences have a lasting impact on development.

4. John Watson argued that psychologists should?

• A. Use the method of introspection to establish the structural aspects of consciousness.
• B. Be concerned with the purposiveness (function) of behavior.
• C. Confine their work to people who are diagnosed as mentally ill.
• D. Abandon the study of consciousness.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: John Watson was a key figure in the development of behaviorism, which advocated for focusing on observable behavior rather than the study of consciousness. Choice D is the correct answer because Watson believed that psychology should abandon the study of consciousness. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because Watson's approach emphasized behavior and rejected the importance of consciousness, introspection, or confining psychology to only mentally ill individuals.

5. Which therapy style requires the therapist to actively confront a client's irrational beliefs?

• A. Person-centered therapy
• B. Psychodynamic psychotherapy
• C. Electroconvulsive therapy
• D. REBT

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, REBT (Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy). REBT involves actively confronting and changing irrational beliefs. Choice A, Person-centered therapy, is focused on providing a supportive and empathetic environment rather than confronting irrational beliefs. Choice B, Psychodynamic psychotherapy, emphasizes exploring unconscious processes and early life experiences rather than direct confrontation of irrational beliefs. Choice C, Electroconvulsive therapy, is a biological treatment for severe depression and other mental illnesses, not a therapy style that involves confronting irrational beliefs.

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