Nursing Elites

1. What is a primary consideration for complications when planning nursing care for an infant with Meconium aspiration syndrome?

• A. Hypoglycemia
• B. Bowel obstruction
• C. Airway obstruction
• D. Carbon dioxide retention

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Airway obstruction. When planning nursing care for an infant with Meconium aspiration syndrome, a primary consideration for complications is the potential of airway obstruction. After the passage of meconium into the amniotic fluid, the infant may inhale or swallow the fluid, leading to meconium aspiration into the lower airways and causing a partial airway obstruction. This can result in respiratory distress and hypoxemia. Hypoglycemia (choice A) is a metabolic condition unrelated to meconium aspiration. Bowel obstruction (choice B) with meconium may indicate other conditions like cystic fibrosis or Hirschsprung disease, not directly related to meconium aspiration syndrome. Carbon dioxide retention (choice D) is not a primary consideration in meconium aspiration syndrome; instead, the focus is on addressing the airway obstruction and potential respiratory compromise.

2. The nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to a toddler-age client. Which is the most appropriate statement by the nurse prior to this procedure?

• A. "We will give you your shot when your mommy comes back."
• B. "I will wipe your skin with a magic wipe and then hold the needle like this and say one, two, three, go and give you your shot. Are you ready?"
• C. "It is all right to cry. After we are done, you can go to the box and pick out your favorite sticker."
• D. "This is a magic sword that will give you your medicine and make you all better."

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it acknowledges the child's feelings, provides clear instructions, and offers comfort and rewards to help the child cope with the procedure. Choice A is not appropriate as it may create anxiety about the injection. Choice B uses the term 'magic,' which may confuse the child and lead to fear. Choice D introduces a fantasy element that may not be beneficial in preparing the child for the injection.

3. How is family systems theory best described?

• A. The family is viewed as the sum of individual members
• B. A change in one family member cannot create a change in other members
• C. Individual family members are readily identified as the source of a problem
• D. When the family system is disrupted, change can occur at any point in the system

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Family systems theory views the family as a whole, where changes in one member affect the entire system, and changes can occur at any point within the system.

4. A child is admitted to the hospital with acute renal failure. The parents ask about the prognosis for acute renal failure. The nurse’s response should be based on which statement about acute renal failure?

• A. Children with acute renal failure will have to take prophylactic antibiotics for life.
• B. Acute renal failure always leads to chronic renal failure.
• C. Acute renal failure may be reversible.
• D. All children with acute renal failure will eventually need a kidney transplant.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Acute renal failure in children is often reversible, especially when the underlying cause is identified and treated promptly. It does not always lead to chronic renal failure or the need for a kidney transplant. Choice A is incorrect as prophylactic antibiotics for life are not a standard treatment for acute renal failure. Choice B is incorrect as acute renal failure does not always progress to chronic renal failure. Choice D is incorrect as not all children with acute renal failure will eventually require a kidney transplant.

5. What organism is a parasite that causes acute diarrhea?

• A. Shigella organisms
• B. Salmonella organisms
• C. Giardia lamblia
• D. Escherichia coli

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Giardia lamblia is a protozoan parasite known to cause acute diarrhea, often through contaminated water or food. Shigella, Salmonella, and E. coli are bacterial pathogens that also cause diarrhea but are not parasites.

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