Nursing Elites

1. What chronic disease has been associated with increased risks of dental problems?

• A. diabetes mellitus
• B. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• C. Addison's disease
• D. asthma

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of dental problems, including gum disease and tooth loss, due to high blood sugar levels. While chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Addison's disease, and asthma may have oral health implications, diabetes mellitus is specifically known for its strong association with dental issues.

2. Myxedema coma is a life-threatening complication of long-standing and untreated hypothyroidism with one of the following characteristics.

• A. Hyperglycemia
• B. Hypothermia
• C. Hyperthermia
• D. Hypoglycemia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Myxedema coma is associated with hypothermia, not hyperthermia. Therefore, the correct characteristic of myxedema coma is hypothermia. This condition is a medical emergency that requires prompt recognition and intervention to prevent serious complications. The presence of hyperglycemia is not a defining characteristic of myxedema coma, making choice A the correct answer in this case. Hyperthermia and hypoglycemia are not typically seen in myxedema coma and are not consistent with the clinical presentation of this condition.

3. A healthcare professional is teaching about implementing a heart-healthy diet to a client who has coronary artery disease. Which of the following foods should the professional recommend to the client?

• A. Baked ham
• B. Processed cheese
• C. Broiled salmon
• D. Canned potato soup

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Broiled salmon is a heart-healthy food due to its high omega-3 fatty acid content, which helps reduce inflammation and improve cardiovascular health. Choices A, B, and D are not recommended for a heart-healthy diet. Baked ham and processed cheese are high in saturated fats and sodium, which can be detrimental to cardiovascular health. Canned potato soup may contain high levels of sodium and preservatives, making it less suitable for a heart-healthy diet.

4. Each of the following is a function of vitamin A, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Prevention of night blindness
• B. Growth of soft tissues and bone
• C. Maintenance of more than 200 genes
• D. Integrity of body openings and their linings

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Maintenance of more than 200 genes is not a function of vitamin A; instead, it is a function of Vitamin D. Vitamin A plays a crucial role in the prevention of night blindness by aiding in the production of the visual pigment rhodopsin. It also supports the growth of soft tissues and bone, as well as the integrity of body openings and their linings. Choice C is incorrect because the maintenance of genes is primarily associated with Vitamin D, not Vitamin A.

5. A community health nurse is conducting a class on what to expect during pregnancy. What instruction should the nurse include on weight gain?

• A. Failure to obtain the required weight gain during pregnancy will increase the risk of preterm birth.
• B. An obese client should not gain as much weight as a client with a normal body mass index.
• C. A client with a normal body mass index should plan on gaining 50 pounds.
• D. Clients do not need to eat for two when they are pregnant.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Adequate weight gain during pregnancy is essential as failure to obtain the required weight gain can increase the risk of preterm birth. Choice B is incorrect because it is important for obese clients to gain an appropriate amount of weight during pregnancy, not the same as those with a normal body mass index. Choice C is incorrect as gaining 50 pounds for a client with a normal body mass index is excessive. Choice D is incorrect as the common saying 'eating for two' during pregnancy is a misconception; pregnant individuals do not need to double their caloric intake.

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