Nursing Elites

1. What chronic disease has been associated with increased risks of dental problems?

• A. diabetes mellitus
• B. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• C. Addison's disease
• D. asthma

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of dental problems, including gum disease and tooth loss, due to high blood sugar levels. While chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Addison's disease, and asthma may have oral health implications, diabetes mellitus is specifically known for its strong association with dental issues.

2. Which gluten-free food choice would be most appropriate for a patient with celiac disease?

• A. Scalloped potatoes
• B. Oatmeal
• C. Eggs
• D. Tortillas

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Eggs are a safe food choice for individuals with celiac disease as they are naturally gluten-free. Scalloped potatoes often contain flour in the sauce, which might contain gluten. Oatmeal can be a subject of debate due to possible cross-contamination during processing, so it might not be safe unless labeled gluten-free. Tortillas are typically made from wheat flour containing gluten, but gluten-free versions are available. However, eggs are universally gluten-free, making them the best choice for individuals with celiac disease.

3. A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of a toddler about appropriate snacks. Which of the following foods should the nurse include?

• A. Sliced bananas
• B. Raw celery
• C. Peanut butter
• D. Grapes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is sliced bananas. Bananas are a good choice for toddlers as they are easy to chew, rich in potassium, and generally well-tolerated. Raw celery (Choice B) may pose a choking hazard due to its fibrous nature. Peanut butter (Choice C) should be avoided as it can also be a choking hazard and may cause an allergic reaction in some children. Grapes (Choice D) are a choking hazard for toddlers due to their size and shape, so they should be cut into smaller pieces or avoided altogether.

4. Folate is crucial for DNA synthesis and cell division, making it particularly important during periods of rapid growth, such as pregnancy.

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Folate plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and cell division, which are essential processes for cell multiplication. This makes folate particularly important during periods of rapid growth, such as pregnancy. Therefore, the statement is true. Choice B is incorrect because it fails to acknowledge the significance of folate in cell multiplication and rapid growth, especially during pregnancy.

5. Which of the following is reflected in an ECG due to hypokalemia?

• A. Tall T waves and Pathologic Q wave
• B. Widening QRS Complex and U wave
• C. None of the above
• D. Both A and B

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hypokalemia, a condition characterized by low levels of potassium in the blood, is reflected in an ECG by a widening QRS Complex and a U wave. This is because potassium plays a key role in the electrical activity of the heart, and its deficiency can lead to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm as represented by these specific changes on the ECG. Choice A is incorrect as tall T waves and pathologic Q waves are more commonly associated with hyperkalemia or myocardial infarction, respectively, rather than hypokalemia. Choices C and D are also incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the ECG changes caused by hypokalemia.

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