Nursing Elites

1. What are the nursing interventions for a patient with pneumonia?

• A. Providing fluids and rest
• B. Monitoring lung sounds and respiratory rate
• C. Encouraging coughing and deep breathing exercises
• D. Administering antibiotics and providing oxygen therapy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct nursing interventions for a patient with pneumonia include monitoring lung sounds and respiratory rate to assess the effectiveness of treatment and the patient's respiratory status. Providing fluids and rest (Choice A) can be supportive measures but are not specific nursing interventions for pneumonia. Encouraging coughing and deep breathing exercises (Choice C) can be helpful for airway clearance but may not be appropriate for all patients with pneumonia. Administering antibiotics and providing oxygen therapy (Choice D) are medical interventions rather than nursing interventions.

2. In a disaster where a building has collapsed, which victim should a nurse attend to first?

• A. A victim who has died of multiple serious injuries
• B. A victim with a partial amputation of a leg who is bleeding profusely
• C. An alert victim who has numerous bruises on the arms and legs
• D. A hysterical victim who has sustained a head injury

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a disaster situation like a building collapse, the nurse should attend to the victim with a partial amputation of a leg who is bleeding profusely first. This victim is at immediate risk of severe blood loss, which can be life-threatening. It is crucial to address life-threatening injuries like severe bleeding before attending to other less urgent cases. The victim with the amputation requires immediate intervention to control bleeding and stabilize their condition. Victims who are already deceased or have less urgent injuries can be attended to after addressing the critical cases.

3. What is an appropriate parenting technique for time-out disciplining in children with mental health issues?

• A. Provide positive reinforcement for minor infractions
• B. Remove all privileges for at least one week following a violation
• C. Limit the child's time outside of the home environment
• D. Time-out should only be used in severe situations

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Remove all privileges for at least one week following a violation.' When dealing with children with mental health issues, it is essential to have consistent consequences for their actions. Providing positive reinforcement for minor infractions (choice A) may not effectively address inappropriate behaviors that require disciplinary action. Limiting the child's time outside the home environment (choice C) does not directly address the behavioral issue. Using time-out only in severe situations (choice D) may not provide consistent consequences for the child's behavior and can lead to escalation before interventions are used.

4. A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client following a gastrectomy. Which of the following strategies should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Drink fluids between meals
• B. Eat three large meals each day
• C. Lie down for 30 minutes after meals
• D. Avoid drinking liquids with meals

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct strategy to include in the teaching after a gastrectomy is to avoid drinking liquids with meals. This helps prevent dumping syndrome, a condition characterized by rapid emptying of undigested food and fluids from the stomach into the small intestine. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Drinking fluids between meals is appropriate to maintain hydration, eating three large meals can exacerbate dumping syndrome, and lying down after meals is not recommended as it can increase the risk of reflux.

5. The nurse is caring for a patient who is susceptible to infection. Which instruction will the nurse include in an educational session to decrease the risk of infection?

• A. Teaching the patient to take a temperature
• B. Teaching the patient to select nutritious foods
• C. Teaching the patient about the effects of alcohol
• D. Teaching the patient about fall prevention

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Teaching the patient to select nutritious foods. A nutritious diet plays a crucial role in strengthening the body's immune system, making it more capable of fighting off infections. Vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients found in healthy foods support immune function and overall health. Teaching the patient about taking a temperature (choice A) may be important for monitoring for signs of infection but does not directly decrease the risk of infection. Teaching about the effects of alcohol (choice C) and fall prevention (choice D) are important aspects of patient education but are not directly related to decreasing the risk of infection in a susceptible patient.

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