Nursing Elites

1. What are the nursing interventions for a patient with pneumonia?

• A. Providing fluids and rest
• B. Monitoring lung sounds and respiratory rate
• C. Encouraging coughing and deep breathing exercises
• D. Administering antibiotics and providing oxygen therapy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct nursing interventions for a patient with pneumonia include monitoring lung sounds and respiratory rate to assess the effectiveness of treatment and the patient's respiratory status. Providing fluids and rest (Choice A) can be supportive measures but are not specific nursing interventions for pneumonia. Encouraging coughing and deep breathing exercises (Choice C) can be helpful for airway clearance but may not be appropriate for all patients with pneumonia. Administering antibiotics and providing oxygen therapy (Choice D) are medical interventions rather than nursing interventions.

2. What are the common side effects of opioid analgesics, and how should they be managed?

• A. Drowsiness and dizziness, ensuring safety precautions
• B. Respiratory depression, ensuring adequate ventilation
• C. Constipation and nausea, managed with stool softeners
• D. Nausea and vomiting, managing with antiemetics

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Common side effects of opioid analgesics include drowsiness and dizziness. These side effects can impair a person's ability to operate machinery or drive safely. To manage these side effects, it is essential to advise patients to avoid activities that require alertness until they know how the medication affects them. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because respiratory depression, constipation, and nausea are also common side effects of opioids, but they are not the primary side effects being asked for in this question.

3. A patient with heart failure needs education on fluid restrictions. What is the most important information to provide?

• A. Monitor the patient's weight daily.
• B. Provide the patient with a fluid restriction plan.
• C. Instruct the patient to avoid salty foods.
• D. Encourage the patient to increase fluid intake.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most important information to provide to a patient with heart failure regarding fluid restrictions is to provide them with a fluid restriction plan. This plan helps the patient manage their fluid intake effectively, which is crucial in preventing complications associated with heart failure. Monitoring weight daily can be a part of the plan but is not the most important. Instructing the patient to avoid salty foods is beneficial but not as crucial as having a structured fluid restriction plan. Encouraging the patient to increase fluid intake would be counterproductive and potentially harmful in a patient with heart failure.

4. A nurse is caring for a patient who has just returned from surgery. What is the nurse's priority action?

• A. Monitor the patient's pain level.
• B. Assess the patient's vital signs.
• C. Assess the surgical incision site.
• D. Position the patient in a high Fowler's position.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assess the patient's vital signs. Assessing vital signs is crucial as it helps to detect any early signs of complications such as bleeding, shock, or changes in oxygenation. Monitoring the patient's pain level (Choice A) is important but assessing vital signs takes precedence. While assessing the surgical incision site (Choice C) is essential, ensuring the patient's physiological stability through vital sign assessment is the priority. Positioning the patient in a high Fowler's position (Choice D) may be necessary for comfort but does not address the immediate need to assess the patient's condition post-surgery.

5. A nurse is using the ecologic model for population health to develop interventions to address HIV in a community. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include to address financial factors affecting community health?

• A. Have adolescents lead peer discussions in schools about safe sexual practices
• B. Distribute condoms through remote community clinics
• C. Create commercial advertisements describing the long-term effects of HIV
• D. Include information about perinatal HIV transmission at prenatal education classes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Distributing condoms addresses financial barriers by providing access to essential protective measures in remote areas. Choice A focuses on education rather than direct intervention related to financial factors. Choice C involves advertising and not a direct intervention to address financial factors. Choice D pertains to education about HIV transmission rather than directly addressing financial barriers affecting community health.

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