Nursing Elites

1. Transmission of HIV from an infected individual to another person occurs:

• A. Most frequently in nurses with needlesticks
• B. Only if there is a large viral load in the blood
• C. Most commonly as a result of sexual contact
• D. In all infants born to women with HIV infection

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

2. After consuming a meal high in fat, the _____ releases _______ to aid in digestion.

• A. stomach, acid
• B. liver, bile
• C. pancreas, bicarbonate
• D. gallbladder, bile

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine to help digest fats. Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets for easier digestion. The stomach primarily releases gastric acid, the liver produces bile but stores it in the gallbladder, and the pancreas secretes bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect.

3. Which food is a reliable source of B12 for a pregnant vegan client?

• A. Soybeans
• B. Algae
• C. Fortified soy milk
• D. Sea vegetables

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fortified soy milk is a reliable source of vitamin B12 for pregnant vegan clients as it is usually enriched with this vitamin. The other options, while nutritious, are not reliable sources of B12 for vegans. Soybeans may not provide enough B12, algae contains B12 analogs that the human body cannot utilize, and the B12 content in sea vegetables can fluctuate, potentially not providing the necessary daily intake.

4. A patient with renal insufficiency should limit the intake of which of the following nutrients?

• A. Phosphorus
• B. Potassium
• C. Sodium
• D. Calcium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In patients with renal insufficiency, impaired kidney function can lead to difficulty in excreting phosphorus. High phosphorus levels can result in further complications such as bone and heart problems. Therefore, limiting the intake of phosphorus is crucial. Potassium and sodium restrictions may also be necessary in renal insufficiency, but the primary concern related to nutrients is phosphorus in this scenario. Calcium, while important for bone health, does not typically need to be restricted in renal insufficiency unless there is a specific medical reason to do so.

5. Clients with type 2 diabetes are most likely to achieve metabolic control if they:

• A. lose weight
• B. use self-monitoring of blood glucose
• C. eliminate all dietary sugars
• D. eat three regular meals daily

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Weight loss improves insulin sensitivity and glycemic control, making it a key strategy in managing type 2 diabetes.

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