Nursing Elites

1. To ensure client safety before starting blood transfusions, the following are needed before the procedure can be done EXCEPT:

• A. take baseline vital signs
• B. warm the blood to room temperature for 30 minutes before administering the transfusion
• C. have two nurses verify client identification, blood type, unit number, and expiration date of blood
• D. get consent signed for blood transfusion

Correct answer: D

Rationale: To ensure client safety before starting blood transfusions, taking baseline vital signs, warming the blood to room temperature, and having two nurses verify client identification, blood type, unit number, and expiration date of blood are crucial steps. Consent for blood transfusion is required but is typically obtained before the procedure. The focus before the procedure should be on confirming the right client, blood product, and ensuring the blood is prepared correctly to minimize risks of transfusion reactions.

2. Begins carb digestion in the mouth:

• A. pepsin
• B. salivary amylase
• C. CCK
• D. secretin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Salivary amylase is the enzyme that begins the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth by breaking down starches into simpler sugars.

3. As a nurse assigned for care for geriatric patients, you need to frequently assess your patient using the nursing process. Which of the following needs be considered with the highest priority?

• A. Patients own feeling about his illness
• B. Safety of the client especially those elderly clients who frequently falls
• C. Nutritional status of the elderly client
• D. Physiologic needs that are life threatening

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

4. A woman who has been following a vegan diet may need ____ supplements.

• A. vitamin C and vitamin A
• B. vitamin D and vitamin B12
• C. vitamin E and K
• D. vitamin D and niacin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: vitamin D and vitamin B12. Vegans may need to supplement vitamin D and B12 as these nutrients are mainly found in animal products. While choices A, C, and D are essential vitamins, they are not typically lacking in a vegan diet. Vitamin C can be obtained from various plant sources, vitamin A can be derived from beta-carotene in plants, and vitamin E and K are also found in plant-based foods. Niacin, although important, can be sourced from plant-based sources and is not a common deficiency in vegan diets.

5. A client with a large lower-leg ulcer needs protein for wound healing. Which of the following foods should the nurse suggest?

• A. Kidney beans
• B. Grilled salmon
• C. Peanut butter
• D. Raw spinach

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Grilled salmon is the best choice for providing high-quality protein for wound healing. Salmon is rich in essential amino acids, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D, which can help promote tissue repair and reduce inflammation. Kidney beans, peanut butter, and raw spinach are good protein sources but do not offer the same level of high-quality protein and nutrients needed specifically for wound healing.

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