Nursing Elites

1. Which adolescent student lunch, evaluated by the school nurse, is the least nutritious?

• A. Ham sandwich, apple, and milk
• B. Hamburger, fries, and soft drink
• C. Macaroni and cheese, green beans, and peaches
• D. Meatloaf, broccoli, and pear slices

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hamburger, fries, and soft drink. This meal is considered the least nutritious among the options provided due to its high content of unhealthy fats, processed carbohydrates, and added sugars, which lack essential nutrients. On the other hand, choice A: Ham sandwich, apple, and milk, offers a balanced meal with protein, fiber, vitamins, and calcium. Choice C: Macaroni and cheese, green beans, and peaches, provides a mixture of carbohydrates, vegetables, and fruits. Choice D: Meatloaf, broccoli, and pear slices, includes protein, fiber, and vitamins. Thus, all choices except B provide a more balanced and nutritious meal.

2. A client who is breastfeeding is being taught diet modification by a nurse. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I should drink an 8-ounce glass of water each time my baby nurses.
• B. I should take a 1500-milligram iron supplement daily.
• C. I can eat a 2500-calorie daily diet to lose 1 lb per week.
• D. I can eat ounces of swordfish daily.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because drinking an 8-ounce glass of water each time the baby nurses helps maintain hydration and support milk production. Choice B is incorrect as the need for iron supplementation should be discussed with a healthcare provider. Choice C is incorrect as a 2500-calorie diet is not typically recommended for weight loss during breastfeeding. Choice D is incorrect as consuming high levels of swordfish is not advisable due to its mercury content, which can be harmful to the baby.

3. Which is NOT a characteristic or function of lipids?

• A. Involved in energy metabolism and storage
• B. Provide insulation and protection
• C. Act as hormones that regulate the body
• D. Are hydrophilic

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Lipids are known for several functions including involvement in energy metabolism and storage (Choice A), providing insulation and protection (Choice B), and acting as hormones that regulate the body (Choice C). However, lipids are not hydrophilic (water-attracting), contrary to choice D. They are actually hydrophobic, meaning they repel water and do not mix well with it. This is a key property that differentiates them from many other biological molecules.

4. Which food is a high source of prebiotics?

• A. Chicken
• B. Garlic
• C. White rice
• D. Cheese

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Garlic is the correct answer. It is high in prebiotics, which are non-digestible fibers that promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. Chicken, white rice, and cheese are not significant sources of prebiotics. Chicken is a good source of protein, white rice is a carbohydrate, and cheese is a dairy product, none of which are high in prebiotics.

5. A client with Crohn's disease is receiving parenteral nutrition. Which of the following interventions should the nurse not include in the care of this client?

• A. Remove the parenteral nutrition solution from the refrigerator 2 hours before infusion.
• B. Remove unused parenteral nutrition after 12 hours of use.
• C. Monitor daily laboratory values and report abnormalities as needed.
• D. Monitor the flow rate of the parenteral nutrition carefully and adjust it if necessary.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In caring for a client receiving parenteral nutrition, it is important to follow proper guidelines to ensure safety and effectiveness. Unused parenteral nutrition should be removed after 24 hours, not 12 hours, to prevent contamination and reduce the risk of infection. Option A is correct as it ensures the solution is at room temperature before infusion. Option C is essential for monitoring the client's response to parenteral nutrition. Option D is important to maintain the correct flow rate and adjust it as needed. Therefore, option B is the incorrect choice among the options provided.

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