Nursing Elites

1. Which adolescent student lunch, evaluated by the school nurse, is the least nutritious?

• A. Ham sandwich, apple, and milk
• B. Hamburger, fries, and soft drink
• C. Macaroni and cheese, green beans, and peaches
• D. Meatloaf, broccoli, and pear slices

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hamburger, fries, and soft drink. This meal is considered the least nutritious among the options provided due to its high content of unhealthy fats, processed carbohydrates, and added sugars, which lack essential nutrients. On the other hand, choice A: Ham sandwich, apple, and milk, offers a balanced meal with protein, fiber, vitamins, and calcium. Choice C: Macaroni and cheese, green beans, and peaches, provides a mixture of carbohydrates, vegetables, and fruits. Choice D: Meatloaf, broccoli, and pear slices, includes protein, fiber, and vitamins. Thus, all choices except B provide a more balanced and nutritious meal.

2. The nurse is assessing a client with a new diagnosis of Listeria food poisoning. What action should the nurse take first?

• A. Educate the client on safe food practices.
• B. Start a traceback to identify the source of the outbreak.
• C. Report the case to the county board of health.
• D. Ask the client if they have consumed any unpasteurized products.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct first action for the nurse to take when assessing a client with a new diagnosis of Listeria food poisoning is to inquire if the client has consumed any unpasteurized products. This is crucial because Listeria contamination is often associated with unpasteurized dairy products and undercooked meats. Educating the client on safe food practices (Choice A) is important but not the priority at this initial assessment stage. Starting a traceback to identify the source of the outbreak (Choice B) and reporting the case to the county board of health (Choice C) are necessary actions but should come after gathering information directly from the client regarding potential exposure to high-risk foods.

3. Starting material for sex hormones:

• A. cholesterol
• B. phospholipid
• C. saturated
• D. triglyceride

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Cholesterol is a precursor for the synthesis of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone.

4. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who has a history of atherosclerosis and notes elevated cholesterol levels. Which of the following statements by the client indicates the nurse should plan follow-up teaching on a low-cholesterol diet?

• A. "I flavor my meat with lemon juice."?
• B. "I eat two eggs for breakfast each morning."?
• C. "I cook my food with canola oil."?
• D. "I take an omega-3 supplement daily."?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Eggs are high in cholesterol, so someone with elevated cholesterol levels, especially with a history of atherosclerosis, should be cautious about egg consumption. Choices A, C, and D are not as concerning for cholesterol levels. Lemon juice, canola oil, and omega-3 supplements do not significantly impact cholesterol levels compared to consuming eggs regularly.

5. What is the digestive action of lipase?

• A. It breaks down carbohydrates
• B. It breaks down proteins
• C. It breaks down lipids
• D. It aids in fat digestion

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Lipase is an enzyme that specifically breaks down lipids (fats) during the process of digestion, converting them into fatty acids and glycerol. This is why option C is the correct answer. Although option D is partially correct, it's less specific than option C. Lipase does not break down carbohydrates or proteins, so options A and B are incorrect.

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