Nursing Elites

1. The nurse notes that a child has lost 3.6 kg (8 lb) after 4 days of hospitalization for acute glomerulonephritis. What is the most likely cause of this weight loss?

• A. Poor appetite
• B. Reduction of edema
• C. Restriction to bed rest
• D. Increased potassium intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The weight loss is most likely due to the reduction of edema, as glomerulonephritis often causes fluid retention that resolves with treatment, leading to significant weight loss.

2. What signs and symptoms are indicative of a urinary tract disorder in the infancy period (1-24 months)? (Select all that apply.)

• A. All below
• B. Poor feeding
• C. Hypothermia
• D. Frequent urination

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In infants, urinary tract disorders may present with poor feeding, hypothermia, and frequent urination. Pallor can be associated with other conditions but is less specific to urinary tract disorders.

3. What play activities should the nurse implement to encourage fluid intake for a child? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Have a tea party.
• B. Use a crazy straw.
• C. Cut gelatin into fun shapes.
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Encouraging fluid intake can be fun and engaging through activities like having a tea party, using a crazy

4. What pathologic process is believed to be responsible for the development of postinfectious glomerulonephritis?

• A. Infarction of renal vessels
• B. Immune complex formation and glomerular deposition
• C. Bacterial endotoxin deposition on and destruction of glomeruli
• D. Embolization of glomeruli by bacteria and fibrin from endocardial vegetation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Postinfectious glomerulonephritis is typically caused by immune complex deposition in the glomeruli following a streptococcal infection. This immune response leads to inflammation and impaired kidney function.

5. Baby M is 5 months old. You notice that she now has the ability to grasp objects between her fingers and opposing thumb. This is known as:

• A. Parachute reflex
• B. Grasp reflex
• C. Pincer grasp
• D. Prehension

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pincer grasp. The pincer grasp is the ability to hold objects between the thumb and another finger, typically developed around 9-12 months. At 5 months, it is early for a pincer grasp to fully develop, but the beginning of this skill can be seen as early as 5 months. Choices A and B are incorrect as the parachute reflex is a protective response to falling and the grasp reflex is an automatic response to touch. Choice D, prehension, is a general term for the act of grasping or holding objects, but it does not specifically refer to holding objects between the thumb and fingers like the pincer grasp does.

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