Nursing Elites

1. A child is admitted with renal failure. Which of these findings should the nurse expect?

• A. Decreased BUN
• B. Azotemia and oliguria
• C. Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
• D. Polyuria and elevated creatinine clearance

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Azotemia (elevated BUN and creatinine) and oliguria (reduced urine output) are classic signs of renal failure, indicating impaired kidney function. In renal failure, the kidneys are unable to effectively filter waste products, leading to an increase in BUN and creatinine levels in the blood. Additionally, oliguria occurs due to decreased kidney function. Increased GFR (Choice C) is not expected in renal failure as it signifies improved kidney function, which is not the case in renal failure. Polyuria and elevated creatinine clearance (Choice D) are not typical findings in renal failure. Polyuria is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes insipidus, while elevated creatinine clearance would indicate increased kidney function, which is contrary to the impaired function seen in renal failure.

2. The nurse is preparing to admit a 10-year-old child with appendicitis. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe?

• A. Fever
• B. Vomiting
• C. Tachycardia
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Correct! Typical signs of appendicitis include fever, vomiting, and tachycardia due to infection and inflammation. These clinical manifestations are commonly observed in patients with appendicitis. Hyperactive bowel sounds are not typically associated with appendicitis, so they are not expected findings in this situation. Therefore, the correct answer is 'All of the above.'

3. Where in the health history does a record of immunizations belong?

• A. History
• B. Present illness
• C. Review of systems
• D. Physical assessment

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Immunizations are part of the patient’s health history and are recorded under the history section to ensure the child is up-to-date with vaccinations.

4. What should preoperative care of a newborn with an anorectal malformation include?

• A. Frequent suctioning
• B. Gastrointestinal decompression
• C. Feedings with sterile water only
• D. Supine position with head elevated

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Preoperative care for a newborn with an anorectal malformation should include feedings with sterile water only. This approach is important to avoid complications before surgery. Gastrointestinal decompression is necessary to prevent abdominal distention and potential aspiration, making choice B incorrect. Frequent suctioning and placing the newborn in a supine position with the head elevated are not typically part of the preoperative care protocol for an anorectal malformation, thus choices A and D are incorrect.

5. What name is given to inflammation of the bladder?

• A. Cystitis
• B. Urethritis
• C. Urosepsis
• D. Bacteriuria

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Cystitis is the medical term for inflammation of the bladder. Urethritis refers to inflammation of the urethra, urosepsis to a systemic infection stemming from the urinary tract, and bacteriuria to the presence of bacteria in the urine.

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