Nursing Elites

1. The caregiver is providing care to a pediatric client diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease, who is prescribed daily prednisone. Which caregiver statement regarding administration of this drug indicates correct understanding of the teaching provided by the healthcare provider?

• A. I will administer this medication between meals.
• B. I will administer this medication at bedtime.
• C. I will administer this medication one hour before meals.
• D. I will administer this medication with meals.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Prednisone should be administered with meals to reduce gastrointestinal upset. Taking prednisone with food helps to minimize stomach irritation and other gastrointestinal side effects associated with the medication.

2. Which urinalysis result should the nurse anticipate for a child admitted with acute glomerulonephritis?

• A. Bacteriuria and increased specific gravity
• B. Hematuria and proteinuria
• C. Proteinuria and decreased specific gravity
• D. Bacteriuria and hematuria

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In acute glomerulonephritis, the glomeruli become inflamed, leading to the leakage of red blood cells (hematuria) and proteins (proteinuria) into the urine. These are hallmark findings in this condition due to the damage to the glomerular filtration barrier. Bacteriuria, the presence of bacteria in the urine, is not typically associated with acute glomerulonephritis unless there is a concurrent urinary tract infection. Specific gravity may be normal or decreased due to the loss of proteins in the urine, rather than increased. Therefore, the correct anticipated urinalysis result for a child with acute glomerulonephritis is hematuria and proteinuria.

3. At what age may an infant close their eyes to bright lights and show improved head control?

• A. 30-33 weeks after conception
• B. 34-36 weeks after conception
• C. Less than 30 weeks after conception
• D. 37-40 weeks after conception

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Around 30-33 weeks after conception, infants usually start closing their eyes in response to bright lights and exhibit enhanced head control. This developmental milestone indicates progress in their visual and motor abilities, reflecting the maturation of their neurological system. As preterm infants continue to grow and develop, they gradually acquire these skills, showcasing the natural progression of their sensory and motor functions.

4. Which standardized test would be most appropriate for assessing the motor development of a 2-month-old infant in a high-risk clinic?

• A. Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (PDMS-2)
• B. Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2)
• C. Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Index (PEDI)
• D. School Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (School-AMPS)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (PDMS-2) is specifically designed to assess the motor development of infants and young children, making it the most appropriate choice for evaluating a 2-month-old infant in a high-risk clinic setting.

5. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays an important role in maintaining blood pressure. Which compound in this system is most powerful at raising blood pressure?

• A. Angiotensin I
• B. Angiotensin II
• C. Angiotensin III
• D. Renin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Angiotensin II is the most potent compound in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system for raising blood pressure. It acts as a powerful vasoconstrictor, leading to increased systemic vascular resistance. Angiotensin II is formed from angiotensin I through the action of the angiotensin-converting enzyme. While renin initiates the cascade by converting angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, it is angiotensin II that exerts the strongest pressor effect.

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