the nurse is conducting discharge teaching with the parent of a 7 year old child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome mcns what statement by the par

ATI RN

RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN

1. The nurse is conducting discharge teaching with the parent of a 7-year-old child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). What statement by the parent indicates a correct understanding of the teaching?

A. My child needs to stay home from school for at least 1 more month.
B. I should not add additional salt to any of my child's meals.
C. My child will not be able to participate in contact sports while receiving corticosteroid therapy.
D. I should measure my child's urine after each void and report the 24-hour amount to the healthcare provider.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Avoiding additional salt is crucial to help manage edema in children with MCNS. While monitoring urine output is important, the other statements either misinterpret the need for prolonged school absence or misunderstand the risk associated with contact sports during steroid therapy.

2. What condition is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children?

A. Pyelonephritis
B. Tubular destruction
C. Severe dehydration
D. Upper tract obstruction

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Severe dehydration is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children, as it leads to prerenal azotemia, which can progress to renal failure if not corrected. Other causes like pyelonephritis and tubular destruction are less common and usually secondary to other conditions.

3. What is the primary symptom of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a newborn?

A. Cyanosis
B. Bradycardia
C. Absent breath sounds
D. Tachypnea

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Absent breath sounds on the affected side are a primary symptom of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Cyanosis, bradycardia, and tachypnea may also be present but are not the primary symptom. Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin due to poor oxygenation, bradycardia is a slower than normal heart rate, and tachypnea is rapid breathing.

4. A child has a central venous access device for intravenous (IV) fluid administration. A blood sample is needed for a complete blood count, hemogram, and electrolytes. What is the appropriate procedure to implement for this blood sample?

A. Perform a new venipuncture to obtain the blood sample.
B. Interrupt the IV fluid and withdraw the blood sample needed.
C. Withdraw a blood sample equal to the amount of fluid in the device, discard, and then withdraw the sample needed.
D. Flush the line and central venous device with saline and then aspirate the required amount of blood for the sample.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Withdrawing and discarding a sample equal to the amount of fluid in the device ensures that the blood drawn is not diluted by the IV fluids, providing accurate lab results.

5. A child is refusing to use the potty and having accidents, even though he has achieved toilet training. This is an example of which type of behavior?

A. Positive reinforcement
B. Desensitization
C. Phobia
D. Regression

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, regression. Regression occurs when a child reverts to an earlier behavior, such as having accidents after being successfully toilet trained. This regression often happens due to stress or changes in routine. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because positive reinforcement involves encouraging desired behavior, desensitization is a process of reducing sensitivity to a stimulus, and phobia is an intense fear or aversion to a specific object or situation, none of which directly apply to the described situation of the child having accidents after being toilet trained.