ATI RN
ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation
1. The nurse is caring for a patient in metabolic alkalosis. The patient has an NG tube to low intermittent suction for a diagnosis of bowel obstruction. What drug would the nurse expect to find on the medication orders?
- A. Cimetidine
- B. Maalox
- C. Potassium chloride elixir
- D. ) Furosemide
Correct answer: A
Rationale:
2. Which negative ion is most abundant in blood plasma?
- A. Bicarbonate
- B. Chloride
- C. Hydroxide
- D. Phosphate
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Chloride (Cl-) is the most abundant anion in blood plasma. It plays a crucial role in maintaining osmotic balance and acid-base homeostasis. Bicarbonate (Choice A) is important for buffering acids in the body but is not the most abundant negative ion in blood plasma. Hydroxide (Choice C) is not typically found in high concentrations in blood plasma. Phosphate (Choice D) is an important anion in the body but is not as abundant as chloride in blood plasma.
3. A nurse evaluates the following arterial blood gas values in a client: pH 7.48, PaO2 98 mm Hg, PaCO2 28 mm Hg, and HCO3 22 mEq/L. Which client condition should the nurse correlate with these results?
- A. Diarrhea and vomiting for 36 hours
- B. . Anxiety-induced hyperventilation
- C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- D. Diabetic ketoacidosis and emphysema
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
4. What is the function of aldosterone?
- A. Regulates body temperature.
- B. Decreases blood pressure.
- C. Increases sodium reabsorption.
- D. Promotes water excretion.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Aldosterone increases the reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys, which leads to an increase in blood volume and blood pressure. Choice A is incorrect as aldosterone does not regulate body temperature. Choice B is incorrect as aldosterone increases blood pressure by increasing sodium reabsorption. Choice D is incorrect as aldosterone promotes water retention by increasing sodium reabsorption.
5. You are caring for a patient admitted with a diagnosis of acute kidney injury. When you review your patients most recent laboratory reports, you note that the patients magnesium levels are high. You should prioritize assessment for which of the followin
- A. Diminished deep tendon reflexes
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Cool, clammy skin
- D. Acute flank pain
Correct answer: A
Rationale:
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