a gerontologic nurse is teaching students about the high incidence and prevalence of dehydration in older adults what factors contribute to this pheno

ATI RN

ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

1. A gerontologic nurse is teaching students about the high incidence and prevalence of dehydration in older adults. What factors contribute to this phenomenon? Select all that do not apply.

A. Decreased kidney mass
B. Decreased renal blood flow
C. Decreased excretion of potassium
D. Increased conservation of sodium

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

2. The community health nurse is performing a home visit to an 84-year-old woman recovering from hip surgery. The nurse notes that the woman seems uncharacteristically confused and has dry mucous membranes. When asked about her fluid intake, the patient states, I stop drinking water early in the day because it is just too difficult to get up during the night to go to the bathroom. What would be the nurses best response?

A. I will need to have your medications adjusted so you will need to be readmitted to the hospital for a complete workup
B. Limiting your fluids can create imbalances in your body that can result in confusion. Maybe we need to adjust the timing of your fluids.
C. It is normal to be a little confused following surgery, and it is safe not to urinate at night.
D. If you build up too much urine in your bladder, it can cause you to get confused, especially when your body is under stress.

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

3. Which positive ion is most prevalent in intracellular fluid?

A. Calcium
B. Potassium
C. Sodium
D. Magnesium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Potassium (K+). Potassium is the predominant cation found within cells, making it the most prevalent positive ion in intracellular fluid. Calcium, sodium, and magnesium are also essential ions in the body, but they are not as abundant in intracellular fluid. Calcium is vital for bone health and muscle function, sodium helps in maintaining fluid balance and nerve function, and magnesium is involved in numerous biochemical reactions.

4. Which of the following is not considered an extracellular fluid?

A. Cerebrospinal fluid
B. The humors of the eye
C. Lymph
D. Cerebrospinal fluid and the humors of the eye

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Cerebrospinal fluid and the humors of the eye are not considered extracellular fluids. Extracellular fluids are fluids found outside the cells, such as interstitial fluid and lymph. Cerebrospinal fluid is found within the central nervous system, while the humors of the eye (aqueous humor and vitreous humor) are located within the eyeball, making them distinct from extracellular fluids.