Nursing Elites

1. What major departure did Freud's position have from prevailing viewpoints around the early 1900s?

• A. Viewed abnormal behavior as resulting from biological causes.
• B. Viewed people as not fully aware of the forces that control their behavior.
• C. Proposed the existence of free will.
• D. Emphasized environmental forces on behavior.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Freud's major departure from prevailing viewpoints around the early 1900s was that he viewed people as not fully aware of the forces that control their behavior. This is reflected in his emphasis on unconscious forces influencing behavior. Choice A is incorrect as Freud focused on psychological rather than solely biological causes. Choice C is incorrect as Freud's theory did not emphasize free will but rather unconscious drives. Choice D is incorrect as Freud emphasized internal psychological forces over external environmental factors.

2. Classical and operant conditioning theories are classified under _________________, while sociocultural theory and Piaget's theory fall under ________________.?

• A. Psychodynamic; cognitive
• B. Learning; behavior modelling
• C. Behavioral; sociocultural
• D. Centration; cognitive

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Classical and operant conditioning theories are forms of learning theories, making them fall under the category of cognitive theories. On the other hand, sociocultural theory and Piaget's theory are cognitive theories that focus on how individuals perceive and process information, hence correctly classified under cognitive theories. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the classifications of the specified theories.

3. What role do hormones play in mental health and behavior?

• A. Hormones only affect physical processes, not mental health.
• B. Hormones play a critical role in regulating mood, behavior, and mental health.
• C. Hormones have no effect on behavior.
• D. Hormones are only involved in reproductive processes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hormones play a critical role in regulating mood, behavior, and mental health, influencing everything from stress response to emotional stability. Choice A is incorrect because hormones have a significant impact on mental health in addition to physical processes. Choice C is incorrect as hormones do have a notable effect on behavior. Choice D is incorrect as hormones have broad functions beyond just reproductive processes.

4. Professor Immel believes that behaviors that are predominant in certain species probably serve some adaptive function. Professor Immel's beliefs are most consistent with which perspective?

• A. Behavioral perspective.
• B. Cognitive perspective.
• C. Humanistic perspective.
• D. Evolutionary perspective.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Professor Immel's belief that behaviors in certain species serve an adaptive function aligns with the evolutionary perspective. The evolutionary perspective posits that behaviors have developed over time because they provide an advantage for survival and reproduction. This perspective emphasizes the role of natural selection in shaping behaviors based on their adaptive value. Choices A, B, and C do not specifically address the idea that behaviors have evolved to serve specific functions for survival, making them inconsistent with Professor Immel's beliefs.

5. Which term refers to events that typically happen to everyone at certain times of life?

• A. Normative age-graded influence
• B. Social clock
• C. Sensitive period
• D. Normative history-graded influences

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Normative age-graded influence. Normative age-graded influences are events that typically happen to everyone at certain life stages, such as marriage, parenthood, puberty, and menopause. Choice B, 'Social clock,' refers to the culturally preferred timing of social events. Choice C, 'Sensitive period,' represents a time when a particular development occurs most easily. Choice D, 'Normative history-graded influences,' are common to people of a particular generation due to historical circumstances.

Similar Questions