Nursing Elites

1. What is a person's total genetic endowment?

• A. Phenotype
• B. Genotype
• C. Chromosomes
• D. DNA

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Genotype. A genotype refers to a person's total genetic endowment, representing the specific genetic makeup inherited from their parents. This includes all the genes and genetic information contained in an individual's DNA. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because: A) Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics resulting from the interaction of genetics and the environment; C) Chromosomes are physical structures that contain genes, not the total genetic endowment itself; D) DNA carries genetic information but is just one component of an individual's total genetic endowment.

2. What does the diathesis-stress model entail?

• A. The diathesis-stress model suggests that stress alone is sufficient to cause a mental disorder.
• B. The diathesis-stress model involves a combination of genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors.
• C. The diathesis-stress model suggests that genetic factors alone cause mental disorders.
• D. The diathesis-stress model suggests that stressors in the environment do not affect the onset of mental disorders.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The diathesis-stress model proposes that mental disorders develop from a combination of genetic vulnerability (the diathesis) and environmental stressors. Choice A is incorrect because it states that stress alone can cause mental disorders, which is not in line with the model. Choice C is incorrect as it simplifies the model to genetic factors alone causing mental disorders. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests that environmental stressors do not play a role in the onset of mental disorders, which contradicts the essence of the diathesis-stress model.

3. A major factor associated with a child's rejection by peers is ________.

• A. Overly aggressive behavior.
• B. Being too intelligent.
• C. Socioeconomic background.
• D. A lack of empathy.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Overly aggressive behavior is often a major factor in a child's rejection by peers. Children who display overly aggressive behavior may intimidate or harm their peers, leading to social rejection. Being too intelligent or having a different socioeconomic background are not typically primary reasons for peer rejection. While empathy is important for healthy social interactions, a lack of empathy, on its own, is less likely to be a primary factor in peer rejection compared to overly aggressive behavior.

4. Sigmund Freud developed an innovative procedure for treating people with psychological problems, which he called?

• A. Behavior modification.
• B. Primal therapy.
• C. Psychoanalysis.
• D. Rational-emotive therapy.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis, not behavior modification, primal therapy, or rational-emotive therapy, as an innovative method for treating psychological problems. Psychoanalysis focuses on exploring unconscious motivations to understand and address psychological disorders, making it the correct answer. Behavior modification involves changing behavior through conditioning techniques, primal therapy emphasizes expressing repressed emotions, and rational-emotive therapy aims to identify and change irrational beliefs.

5. What are culture-bound syndromes?

• A. Culture-bound syndromes are disorders that can be found in all cultures.
• B. Culture-bound syndromes are disorders that are specific to certain cultural contexts.
• C. Culture-bound syndromes are myths and do not exist.
• D. Culture-bound syndromes are conditions seen only in psychiatric hospitals.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Culture-bound syndromes are disorders that are specific to certain cultural contexts. These syndromes may not be recognized or understood outside of the specific cultural context where they originate. Choice A is incorrect because culture-bound syndromes are not universal and are tied to specific cultural beliefs and practices. Choice C is incorrect as culture-bound syndromes are recognized in the field of psychology and anthropology. Choice D is incorrect as culture-bound syndromes are not limited to psychiatric hospitals but can be observed in various cultural settings.

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