Nursing Elites

1. What is the goal of applied behavior analysis?

• A. outline changes in temperament over the lifespan
• B. eliminate undesirable behaviors and increase desirable responses
• C. examine how we think about ourselves and other people
• D. synthesize information from various sources into a detailed picture of a person's personality

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "eliminate undesirable behaviors and increase desirable responses." Applied behavior analysis aims to modify behavior by focusing on eliminating unwanted behaviors and reinforcing desirable ones. It does not primarily deal with changes in temperament (choice A), self-perception (choice C), or personality traits (choice D). The approach involves techniques such as reinforcement to target specific behaviors, rather than broader cognitive processes or personality characteristics.

2. What is the function of the corpus luteum?

• A. is where fertilization usually takes place
• B. secretes hormones that prepare the lining of the uterus to receive a fertilized ovum
• C. is one of two long, thin structures that lead to the hollow, softly lined uterus
• D. is one of two walnut-sized organs located deep inside a woman's abdomen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure in the ovary that forms after ovulation. It secretes hormones, particularly progesterone, which help prepare the uterine lining for possible implantation of a fertilized ovum. This process is crucial for maintaining a potential pregnancy. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A is inaccurate as fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tubes. Choice C describes the fallopian tubes, not the corpus luteum. Choice D refers to the ovaries, not specifically the corpus luteum.

3. One criticism of Freud's psychosexual theory was that it __________.

• A. did not apply to other cultures
• B. underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings
• C. compared human development to the evolution of the human species
• D. offered too narrow a view of important environmental influences

Correct answer: A

Rationale: One criticism of Freud's psychosexual theory was that it did not apply to other cultures. Freud developed his theory based on observations and cases from his clinical practice in a specific cultural context, mainly Western society. This limited cultural scope raised concerns about the generalizability and applicability of his theories to diverse cultural settings. Choice B is incorrect because Freud's theory actually emphasized the significant influence of sexual feelings on human development. Choice C is incorrect because Freud's theory focused on stages of psychosexual development rather than comparing human development to the evolution of the human species. Choice D is incorrect because Freud's psychosexual theory considered environmental influences, although it primarily centered on internal drives and conflicts.

4. An ovum bursts from one of a woman's two __________ and is drawn into one of two __________.

• A. ovaries; testes
• B. fallopian tubes; ovaries
• C. corpus luteum; fallopian tubes
• D. ovaries; fallopian tubes Answer: D Page Ref: 76 Skill Level: Remember Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Easy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: An ovum bursts from one of a woman's two ovaries and is drawn into one of two fallopian tubes. This is a correct description of the process of ovulation and fertilization in human reproductive anatomy. The ovaries are responsible for producing and releasing eggs, while the fallopian tubes provide a pathway for the egg to travel to the uterus for potential fertilization.

5. Small-for-date infants __________ than preterm infants.

• A. catch fewer infections during the first year
• B. are less likely to die during the first year
• C. more often show evidence of brain damage
• D. have higher intelligence tests by middle childhood

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Small-for-date infants more often show evidence of brain damage than preterm infants. This can be attributed to factors such as intrauterine growth restriction and poor nutrition during pregnancy, which can affect the development of the baby's brain. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because there is no evidence to support that small-for-date infants catch fewer infections, are less likely to die, or have higher intelligence tests compared to preterm infants.

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