Nursing Elites

1. The force of blood flowing through the __________ keeps it firm.

• A. amnion
• B. umbilical cord
• C. yolk sac
• D. embryonic disk

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The force of blood flowing through the umbilical cord keeps it firm. The umbilical cord is the connection between the placenta and the fetus, providing essential nutrients and oxygen to the developing baby. Blood flow through the umbilical cord helps maintain its structure and function throughout the prenatal period. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not play a role in providing nutrients and oxygen to the developing baby or in maintaining its firmness.

2. The first successful intelligence test was originally constructed to __________.

• A. measure individual differences in IQ
• B. document age-related improvements in children's intellectual functioning
• C. identify children with learning problems who needed to be placed in special classes
• D. compare the scores of people who varied in gender, ethnicity, and birth order

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The first successful intelligence test, the Binet-Simon Scale, was originally developed to identify children with learning problems who required special educational interventions. Choice A is incorrect because measuring individual differences in IQ was not the primary purpose of the test. Choice B is incorrect because documenting age-related improvements in children's intellectual functioning was not the main goal of the test. Choice D is incorrect because comparing the scores of people based on gender, ethnicity, and birth order was not the intended use of the intelligence test.

3. __________ theory was the first to stress the influence of the early parent‒child relationship on development.

• A. Darwin’s
• B. Freud’s
• C. Erikson’s
• D. Watson’s Answer: B Page Ref: 15 Skill Level: Remember Topic: Mid-Twentieth-Century Theories Difficulty Level: Easy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Freud's theory was the first to stress the influence of the early parent‒child relationship on development. Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory emphasized the importance of the child's interactions with caregivers, particularly during the early stages of development, in shaping personality and behavior.

4. The outermost level of Bronfenbrenner's model is the __________.

• A. microsystem
• B. macrosystem
• C. exosystem
• D. mesosystem

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The outermost level of Bronfenbrenner's model is the macrosystem. This level refers to the broader cultural context that shapes the values, laws, customs, and resources of a particular society. It includes factors such as ideology, political systems, societal norms, and cultural influences that impact development at all other levels within the model. Choice A, microsystem, refers to the immediate environment or setting in which an individual lives and interacts. Choice C, exosystem, involves settings that individuals do not directly experience but still influence them. Choice D, mesosystem, refers to the connections between various aspects of an individual's microsystem.

5. Piaget's _________ stage is the most complex period of development.

• A. sensorimotor
• B. preoperational
• C. concrete operational
• D. formal operational

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The formal operational stage in Piaget's theory is characterized by abstract reasoning, hypothetical thinking, and logical reasoning. This stage represents the most complex period of cognitive development according to Piaget. Choices A, B, and C refer to earlier stages in Piaget's theory and do not involve the level of abstract thinking and logical reasoning seen in the formal operational stage.

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