Nursing Elites

1. What increases from early to middle adulthood?

• A. Possible selves
• B. Self-doubt
• C. Destructiveness
• D. Autonomy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Possible selves are ideas about what one might become in the future, which increase during the transition from early to middle adulthood. This period is characterized by individuals exploring and considering different potential future selves. Self-doubt (choice B) typically decreases as individuals become more confident and self-assured in middle adulthood. Destructiveness (choice C) is not a common developmental trend during this period. Autonomy (choice D) is a concept related to independence and self-governance, which may develop over a person's lifespan but does not specifically increase during the transition from early to middle adulthood.

2. By the end of Greta's first month of pregnancy, her embryo __________.

• A. can sense its world
• B. is about ¼ inch long
• C. can suck its thumb
• D. can curl its toes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: By the end of Greta's first month of pregnancy, her embryo is about ¼ inch long. During the first month of pregnancy, the embryo is in the very early stages of development, and its size is typically around ¼ inch as it continues to grow and develop in the uterus. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because sensory abilities like sensing the world, sucking thumb, and curling toes develop later in the pregnancy as the embryo progresses through different stages of development.

3. To study the impact of biological aging on motor skills, researchers focus on __________.

• A. sedentary adults
• B. competitive athletes
• C. men in their mid- to late thirties
• D. women in their childbearing years

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: competitive athletes. Competitive athletes are often studied by researchers to investigate the impact of biological aging on motor skills because their performance is closely linked to physical abilities. Sedentary adults (choice A) may not provide a clear understanding of the relationship between biological aging and motor skills as they may not engage in consistent physical activity. Men in their mid- to late thirties (choice C) and women in their childbearing years (choice D) may not represent a group where motor skills are as finely tuned and critical to performance as in competitive athletes.

4. Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory, information processing, and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory all stress __________.

• A. nature over nurture
• B. changes in thinking
• C. unconscious motives and drives
• D. the effects of punishment and reinforcement on behavior Answer: B Page Ref: 26 Skill Level: Understand development. Topic: Comparing and Evaluating Theories Difficulty Level: Difficult

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory, information processing, and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory all stress changes in thinking. These theories focus on how cognitive abilities develop over time, emphasizing the growth and transformation of thinking processes rather than static traits or characteristics.

5. A major strength of the information-processing approach to development is its commitment to __________.

• A. the study of imagination
• B. flexible case study interviews
• C. rigorous research methods
• D. disproving other developmental theories

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The major strength of the information-processing approach to development is its commitment to rigorous research methods. This approach emphasizes systematic observation, measurement, and experimentation to study cognitive development in individuals. By using rigorous research methods, researchers can gather reliable and valid data to better understand how information is processed in the human mind. This commitment to methodological rigor enhances the credibility and validity of the conclusions drawn within the information-processing approach to development. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the information-processing approach focuses on empirical research methods rather than the study of imagination, case study interviews, or disproving other developmental theories.

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