Nursing Elites

1. Which ethnic group has the lowest rates of type 2 diabetes?

• A. Caucasians
• B. Asian Indians
• C. Pacific Islanders
• D. African Americans

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Statistical data suggest that Caucasians generally have lower rates of type 2 diabetes compared to the other ethnic groups listed in the choices. This is not to say that Caucasians are immune to the disease, but rather that they have fewer reported instances. On the other hand, African Americans and Pacific Islanders are often identified as groups with a significantly higher risk and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Asian Indians also exhibit higher rates compared to Caucasians. It is important to note that these are general trends observed in statistical data, and individual health outcomes can vary based on various factors such as lifestyle, diet, and genetics, among others. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Caucasians because they generally have the lowest rates of type 2 diabetes when compared to the other ethnic groups mentioned.

2. During the first 24 hours of burn, nursing measures should focus on which of the following?

• A. I and O hourly
• B. Strict aseptic technique
• C. Forced oral fluids
• D. Isolate the patient

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

3. Each statement is true of proteins, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Proteins are composed of building blocks called amino acids
• B. The classification of the 20 common amino acids is based on the properties of their side chains
• C. The general structure of an amino acid varies considerably
• D. Amino acids polymerize to form long chains called polypeptides

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The classification of the 20 common amino acids is not based on the properties of their side chains, but rather on the structure of their amino and carboxyl groups. These groups are consistent among all amino acids, while the side chains, also known as R groups, are what vary and give each amino acid its unique properties. Choice A is correct because proteins are indeed composed of amino acids. Choice C is incorrect because while the side chains of amino acids can vary, the general structure of an amino acid - a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a side chain - is consistent. Choice D is correct because amino acids do polymerize to form long chains called polypeptides, which can then fold into complex shapes to form proteins.

4. Weight loss therapies that rely on juicing typically provide increased fiber, vitamins, and minerals. As an added incentive, juices contain a lower concentration of sugar than the whole fruit. Are these statements true or false?

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is both statements are false. The process of juicing often extracts the liquid components of fruits and vegetables, leaving behind the fiber-rich pulp. Therefore, juicing does not typically provide increased fiber. Additionally, juices can contain a higher concentration of sugar than whole fruits because the fiber, which helps to slow down the absorption of sugar, has been removed. This can lead to a spike in blood sugar levels after consumption. The other options are incorrect because they contain at least one false statement.

5. One of the most common factors that compromise the vitamin D status of older adults, particularly those living in assisted living communities is _____.

• A. decreased intake of fruits and vegetables
• B. lack of physical activity
• C. malabsorption due to atrophic gastritis
• D. lack of exposure to sunlight

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: lack of exposure to sunlight.' Older adults, especially those in assisted living communities, are at risk of vitamin D deficiency due to spending most of their time indoors, which reduces their exposure to sunlight. Sunlight is essential for the body to produce vitamin D. Choices A, B, and C are less likely to be major factors in compromising vitamin D status. While a decreased intake of fruits and vegetables and lack of physical activity can impact overall health, they are not as directly related to vitamin D status. Malabsorption due to atrophic gastritis may affect the absorption of certain nutrients, but vitamin D synthesis primarily depends on sunlight exposure.

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