Nursing Elites

1. What is the current view of developmentalists regarding important changes throughout the entire human lifespan?

• A. Multicultural perspective
• B. Lifespan perspective
• C. Atypical development
• D. Maturation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Lifespan perspective.' This perspective highlights that significant developmental changes occur throughout a person's entire life, emphasizing continuous growth and development. Choice A, 'Multicultural perspective,' refers to the consideration of cultural influences on development rather than the timeline of changes. Choice C, 'Atypical development,' pertains to deviations from typical developmental patterns and is not directly related to the continuous changes across the lifespan. Choice D, 'Maturation,' specifically refers to the biological process of growth and development, which is different from the broader concept of developmental changes occurring across the lifespan.

2. Children from lower-SES families ________.

• A. are more likely to be resilient adults than those from higher-SES families.
• B. show no signs of ill effects if there is an increase in SES before age 5.
• C. are not affected by SES status unless persistent employment is the reason for the economic hardships of the family.
• D. are less likely to show ill effects of SES status if they possess a high IQ and develop healthy attachments to adults and peers.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Children from lower-SES families are less likely to show ill effects of SES status if they possess a high IQ and develop healthy attachments. Choice A is incorrect because children from lower-SES families typically face more challenges and are not inherently more resilient. Choice B is incorrect as an increase in SES may not erase the effects of early socioeconomic disadvantages. Choice C is incorrect as SES status can impact children from lower-SES families regardless of the reason for economic hardships.

3. Where is the site of chemical communication in the brain?

• A. Neuron
• B. Synapse
• C. Axon
• D. Dendrite

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Synapse. The synapse is the site where chemical communication occurs between neurons. Neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal of one neuron, cross the synaptic cleft, and bind to receptors on the dendrites of the next neuron. Choice A, Neuron, is incorrect as it refers to the entire nerve cell. Choices C and D, Axon and Dendrite, are also incorrect as they are specific parts of a neuron and not the primary site of chemical communication.

4. Oliver is studying motivation in chimpanzees. His roommate doesn't think that Oliver's research will produce much useful information about human motivation because he believes that information from animal studies will not provide meaningful information about human experiences. Oliver's roommate apparently has?

• A. A humanistic perspective.
• B. An evolutionary perspective.
• C. A biological perspective.
• D. A cognitive perspective.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Oliver's roommate holds a humanistic perspective. This perspective emphasizes human uniqueness and may devalue information obtained from animal studies when studying human experiences. The humanistic perspective focuses on subjective experiences, free will, and personal growth, which aligns with his roommate's belief that animal studies won't provide meaningful information about human experiences. Choice B, an evolutionary perspective, would focus on the role of evolution in shaping behavior, not directly related to the roommate's view. Choices C and D, biological and cognitive perspectives respectively, do not directly address the roommate's skepticism toward using animal studies to understand human motivation.

5. What is the significance of the diathesis-stress model in understanding mental disorders?

• A. The diathesis-stress model suggests that stress alone causes mental disorders.
• B. The diathesis-stress model suggests that both genetic predisposition and environmental stress are necessary for the development of mental disorders.
• C. The diathesis-stress model is outdated and irrelevant.
• D. The diathesis-stress model focuses only on environmental factors.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The diathesis-stress model suggests that both genetic predisposition and environmental stress are necessary for the development of mental disorders, highlighting the interaction between nature and nurture. Choice A is incorrect because the model emphasizes the combined influence of genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors. Choice C is incorrect as the diathesis-stress model remains a valuable framework in understanding mental health. Choice D is incorrect because the model considers both genetic and environmental factors, not solely environmental factors.

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