Nursing Elites

1. The client diagnosed with a mild concussion is being discharged from the emergency department. Which discharge instruction should the nurse teach the client's significant other?

• A. Awaken the client every two (2) hours.
• B. Monitor for increased intracranial pressure.
• C. Observe frequently for hypervigilance.
• D. Offer the client food every three (3) to four (4) hours.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In a client with a mild concussion, it is important to monitor for signs of deterioration, which includes changes in the client's level of consciousness. Waking the client every two hours helps in assessing their neurological status, ensuring they can awaken and respond appropriately. This intervention aids in detecting any worsening symptoms promptly and seeking medical assistance if needed.

2. Identifying that numerous factors influence chronic illnesses such as hypertension, which of the following would be an upstream factor to enhance health outcomes for adults with hypertension in the community?

• A. Nutritional classes featuring low-fat and low-carb choices.
• B. Motivational interviewing sessions for smoking cessation.
• C. Working with the public health department to restrict smoking in public.
• D. Initiating chair yoga classes for seniors in the community.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Working with the public health department to restrict smoking in public is an upstream factor that focuses on implementing population-level interventions to prevent health issues such as hypertension. By creating policies to limit smoking in public spaces, it can help reduce the overall exposure to tobacco smoke, thereby positively impacting the health outcomes of adults with hypertension in the community.

3. Which statement best describes an effective method to evaluate community health programs?

• A. Conducting randomized controlled trials
• B. Using focus groups to gather feedback
• C. Measuring changes in health outcomes
• D. Comparing program costs and benefits

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Measuring changes in health outcomes is a crucial method to evaluate community health programs. By assessing the impact on health outcomes, such as reduced disease rates or improved wellness indicators, the effectiveness of the program can be determined. This approach provides concrete evidence of the program's success in promoting community health.

4. During a health education program, a facilitator continues to ask questions and encourages attendees to contribute examples from their own lives relevant to the discussion. Which best describes the rationale for the facilitator’s action?

• A. To avoid having to prepare more material related to the topic
• B. To let the participants feel appreciated and knowledgeable
• C. To allow the participants to learn by doing through active participation
• D. To apply Freire’s principles of learning

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The facilitator's action of encouraging active participation, where attendees contribute examples from their own lives, is aimed at facilitating learning through doing. This approach engages participants directly in the learning process, enhancing understanding and retention by connecting theoretical concepts to real-life experiences. Active participation promotes a deeper understanding of the material and increases the likelihood of behavior and attitude change.

5. How does critical theory differ from other nursing theories such as the Health Belief Model or Orem’s self-care deficit theory?

• A. Critical theory can be utilized by professionals other than nurses.
• B. Critical theory focuses on oppression and enables group action.
• C. Critical theory is indirectly associated with health promotion.
• D. Critical theory addresses challenging an individual’s beliefs.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Critical theory differs from other nursing theories like the Health Belief Model or Orem's self-care deficit theory by focusing on oppression and enabling group action. Unlike these nursing theories that may concentrate more on individual beliefs, critical theory aims to address broader societal issues and promote collective action for social change.

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