the charge nurse in the pediatric unit is teaching nursing students about pyloric stenosis a student asks what causes pyloric stenosis how should the

ATI RN

Nursing Care of Children Final ATI

1. The charge nurse in the pediatric unit is teaching nursing students about pyloric stenosis. A student asks what causes pyloric stenosis. How should the nurse respond?

A. One portion of the intestines invaginates or telescopes into another
B. Hypertrophy of the circular pylorus muscle
C. Relaxed cardiac sphincter
D. Absent ganglion cells in the colon

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Pyloric stenosis is caused by the hypertrophy (thickening) of the circular muscle of the pylorus, leading to obstruction. Choice A is incorrect as it describes intussusception, not pyloric stenosis. Choice C is incorrect as a relaxed cardiac sphincter is related to gastroesophageal reflux. Choice D is incorrect as it describes Hirschsprung's disease, not pyloric stenosis.

2. Which actions by the nurse demonstrate overinvolvement with patients and their families? (Select all that apply.)

A. Buying clothes for the patients
B. Showing favoritism toward a patient
C. All
D. Spending off-duty time with patients and families

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Overinvolvement includes personal actions like buying clothes, showing favoritism, and spending off-duty time with patients, which can blur professional boundaries.

3. What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants?

A. Adenovirus
B. Influenza virus
C. Respiratory syncytial virus
D. Parainfluenza virus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). RSV is the leading cause of bronchiolitis, a common respiratory condition in infants that results in inflammation of the small airways in the lung. It is highly contagious and can cause severe respiratory distress in young children, particularly those under 2 years old. Choice A, Adenovirus, is not the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants. Choice B, Influenza virus, may cause respiratory infections but is not the primary cause of bronchiolitis. Choice D, Parainfluenza virus, can cause croup and other upper respiratory infections but is not the main cause of bronchiolitis in infants.

4. The nurse notes that a child has lost 3.6 kg (8 lb) after 4 days of hospitalization for acute glomerulonephritis. What is the most likely cause of this weight loss?

A. Poor appetite
B. Reduction of edema
C. Restriction to bed rest
D. Increased potassium intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The weight loss is most likely due to the reduction of edema, as glomerulonephritis often causes fluid retention that resolves with treatment, leading to significant weight loss.