what statement best describes hirschsprung disease
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Nursing Elites

ATI RN

RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN

1. What statement best describes Hirschsprung disease?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Hirschsprung disease is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in a segment of the colon, leading to a lack of peristalsis and obstruction. The other options do not accurately describe this condition.

2. The nurse is caring for an infant who was born 24 hr ago to a mother who received no prenatal care. The infant is a poor feeder but sucks avidly on his hands. Clinical manifestations also include hyperactive reflexes, tremors, sneezing, and a high-pitched shrill cry. What does the nurse consider as a possible diagnosis for this infant?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In this case, the infant's symptoms are consistent with narcotic withdrawal. Infants exposed to drugs in utero may display withdrawal symptoms starting around 12 to 24 hours post-birth. The presentation often includes hyperactive reflexes, tremors, sneezing, high-pitched shrill cry, poor feeding, and sucking avidly on hands. Signs such as loose stools, tachycardia, fever, projectile vomiting, sneezing, and generalized sweating are common. These symptoms are not indicative of a seizure disorder. Placental insufficiency typically leads to a small-for-gestational-age child, which is not mentioned in the scenario. Meconium aspiration syndrome primarily presents with respiratory distress, not the symptoms described in this case.

3. The parents of a 5-year-old child ask the nurse how they can minimize misbehavior. Which responses should the nurse give? (Select all that apply.)

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Setting clear goals, praising good behavior, and modeling appropriate behavior are effective strategies for minimizing misbehavior in children.

4. The nurse is teaching the family of a child with a long-term central venous access device about signs and symptoms of bacteremia. What finding indicates the presence of bacteremia?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fever and general malaise are systemic signs of bacteremia, indicating that the infection may have spread beyond the local entry site. Localized pain, redness, and swelling are signs of a localized infection but do not necessarily indicate bacteremia.

5. The nurse is preparing a presentation on compensated, decompensated, and irreversible shock in children. What clinical manifestations related to decompensated shock should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Decompensated shock is characterized by signs such as oliguria, confusion, pale extremities, hypotension, and a thready pulse. These indicate that the body is no longer able to maintain adequate circulation to vital organs.

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