Nursing Elites

1. What stimulates bile secretion from the liver to the small intestine?

• A. Pepsin
• B. Salivary Amylase
• C. CCK
• D. Secretin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is the hormone that stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder into the small intestine, aiding in fat digestion. Pepsin is an enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides, not involved in bile secretion. Salivary Amylase is an enzyme in saliva that initiates starch digestion in the mouth, not related to bile secretion. Secretin is a hormone that regulates the release of gastric juice in the stomach and triggers the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine, but it does not stimulate bile secretion.

2. Which of the following is the most important risk factor for development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?

• A. Cigarette smoking
• B. Occupational exposure
• C. Air pollution
• D. Genetic abnormalities

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

3. Much of the research investigating probiotics and intestinal illness has focused on the prevention and treatment of _____.

• A. irritable bowel syndrome
• B. Crohn's disease
• C. diverticulitis
• D. infectious diarrhea

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: infectious diarrhea.' Research has extensively explored the use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of infectious diarrhea. Probiotics can aid in restoring the balance of gut flora, thereby reducing symptoms. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while probiotics may have some benefits for these conditions, the primary focus of research in relation to probiotics and intestinal illness has been on infectious diarrhea.

4. What is the procedure called when direct observations are used to generate an estimate of a client's current food intake?

• A. Food diary
• B. 24-hour recall
• C. Kilocalorie count
• D. Nutrient surveillance record

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A kilocalorie count is the correct answer as it involves directly observing a client's food intake, which is often used in hospitals to accurately assess nutritional intake and ensure it meets dietary requirements. A food diary (Choice A) is typically self-reported by the client and not directly observed. A 24-hour recall (Choice B) is also usually self-reported and relies on a client's memory of the past 24 hours, which can be unreliable. A nutrient surveillance record (Choice D) is a broader term for tracking nutrient intake in a population and is not specific to the direct observation of an individual's food intake.

5. You are on duty in the medical ward. The mother of your patient who is also a nurse, came running to the nurses station and informed you that Fiolo went into cardiopulmonary arrest.

• A. Start basic life support measures
• B. Call for the Code
• C. Bring the crash cart to the room
• D. Go to see Fiolo and assess for airway patency and breathing problems

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

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