each is true of rickets except one which is the exception

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam

1. Each statement is true of rickets, except one. Which is the exception?

A. Rickets is being diagnosed more frequently in the United States.
B. Rickets is caused by vitamin C deficiency.
C. Tachetic deformities such as bow legs or knock-knees develop.
D. A narrow and distorted chest occurs.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rickets is caused by vitamin D deficiency, not vitamin C deficiency. It usually occurs in children who are 1 to 3 years old. The name rickets came from the word 'wrikken,' meaning 'to bend or twist.' Common manifestations of rickets include tachetic deformities like bow legs or knock-knees, a narrow and distorted chest, and failure of the epiphyses of bones to develop normally, resulting in twisted and warped bones. While the diagnosis of rickets may be increasing in the United States, it is not caused by a lack of vitamin C.

2. Each of the following describes the physiologic roles of water, except one. Which is the exception?

A. Acts as a solvent for chemical reactions.
B. Maintains stability of body fluids.
C. Enables transport of nutrients and excretion of waste.
D. Regulates temperature by pooling as perspiration on skin.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Water regulates body temperature by evaporating as perspiration from the skin, not by pooling. When sweat evaporates from the skin, it takes away heat, which helps cool the body. Choices A, B, and C are correct because water acts as a solvent for chemical reactions, maintains the stability of body fluids, and enables the transport of nutrients and excretion of waste, respectively.

3. Low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are?

A. associated with being underweight
B. more prevalent in males
C. highly predictive of CHD risk
D. not a good predictor of CHD risk

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Low levels of HDL cholesterol are a strong predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk because HDL helps to remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream. Choice A is incorrect because low HDL levels are not associated with being underweight but rather with increased CHD risk. Choice B is incorrect as low HDL levels are not more prevalent in males but can affect both genders. Choice D is incorrect as low levels of HDL are indeed a good predictor of CHD risk.

4. Which of the following is a form of primary prevention?

A. Regular Check-ups
B. Regular Screening
C. Self-Medication
D. Immunization

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Immunization.' Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs by preventing exposure to risk factors. Immunization is a classic example of primary prevention as it helps prevent the development of infectious diseases. Choice A, 'Regular Check-ups,' is more related to secondary prevention by detecting diseases early. Choice B, 'Regular Screening,' is also more aligned with secondary prevention as it involves early detection of diseases. Choice C, 'Self-Medication,' is not a form of primary prevention but rather a risky practice that can lead to adverse outcomes.

5. If the child does not have ear problem, using IMCI, what should you as the nurse do?

A. Check for ear discharge
B. Check for tender swellings behind the ear
C. Check for ear pain
D. Go to the next question, check for malnutrition

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.