Nursing Elites

1. Select all that apply. Which of the following oils contain high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and low levels of saturated and trans fats?

• A. vegetable oil
• B. palm oil
• C. coconut oil
• D. canola oil

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Vegetable, canola, and olive oils are high in unsaturated fats and low in saturated and trans fats, making them heart-healthy choices.

2. Which of the following should a patient with a history of chronic pancreatitis avoid?

• A. Low-fat dairy
• B. Lean meats
• C. High-fiber vegetables
• D. Alcohol

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Alcohol. Alcohol consumption can exacerbate chronic pancreatitis due to its detrimental effects on the pancreas. Conversely, options A, B, and C: Low-fat dairy, Lean meats, and High-fiber vegetables, are generally recommended for patients with chronic pancreatitis. These dietary options are easier on the pancreas and less likely to provoke symptoms. Therefore, they are incorrect choices in this context.

3. Which hormone is produced in fat tissue and helps regulate body fat by suppressing appetite?

• A. glucagon
• B. ghrelin
• C. leptin
• D. insulin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, leptin. Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that helps regulate energy balance by suppressing hunger, thus aiding in the regulation of body fat. Glucagon (choice A) is a hormone that raises blood glucose levels, ghrelin (choice B) stimulates appetite, and insulin (choice D) regulates blood sugar levels and promotes glucose uptake.

4. How many diet-related major risk factors for coronary heart disease does Mrs. Winslow have?

• A. 1
• B. 4
• C. 2
• D. 3

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Mrs. Winslow has four major diet-related risk factors for coronary heart disease: high total cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol. Choice A is incorrect because there are more than one risk factor present. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not account for the total number of diet-related major risk factors identified.

5. Each of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin except for one. Which is the exception?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin K

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Vitamin C. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, not fat-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins are Vitamins A, D, E, and K. These vitamins are stored in the body's fat tissues and liver, unlike water-soluble vitamins which are not stored and are eliminated in urine, making them less likely to reach toxic levels.

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