Nursing Elites

1. Select all that apply. Which of the following are true about protein digestion?

• A. the end products of protein digestion are amino acids
• B. protein/polypeptides are digested in the large intestine by trypsin
• C. A, D
• D. protein/polypeptides are digested in the stomach by pepsin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Protein digestion begins in the stomach with the enzyme pepsin, which breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptides. The end products of protein digestion are amino acids.

2. Each statement is true of calcium within saliva, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Saliva is supersaturated with calcium.
• B. Saliva is a source of calcium to mineralize an immature or demineralized enamel surface.
• C. Calcium and phosphate in saliva provide a buffering action.
• D. Calcium within saliva increases dental caries.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Calcium within saliva does not increase dental caries; in fact, the buffering action provided by calcium and phosphate in saliva inhibits caries formation by preventing the dissolution of enamel by plaque biofilm. Choice A is correct as saliva is indeed supersaturated with calcium. Choice B is correct as saliva serves as a source of calcium to mineralize an immature or demineralized enamel surface. Choice C is correct as calcium and phosphate in saliva do provide a buffering action to protect teeth from acids.

3. What is your estimate of the population of pregnant woman needing tetanus toxoid vaccination?

• A. 632.5 C. 450.5
• B. 512.5 D. 332.5
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

4. Each of the following is a form of vitamin K, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Phylloquinone
• B. Tocopherol
• C. Menaquinone
• D. Menadione

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Tocopherol, Choice B, is not a form of vitamin K; it is another name for vitamin E. Phylloquinone (Choice A), menaquinone (Choice C), and menadione (Choice D) are all forms of vitamin K. Phylloquinone is vitamin K1 found in green plants, menaquinone is vitamin K2 produced in the large intestine and found in animal tissues, and menadione is a synthetic form of vitamin K. Therefore, Choice B is the correct answer because it does not belong to the vitamin K group, unlike the other options.

5. Begins carb digestion in the mouth:

• A. pepsin
• B. salivary amylase
• C. CCK
• D. secretin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Salivary amylase is the enzyme that begins the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth by breaking down starches into simpler sugars.

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